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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sociolpolitol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского университета. Серия 18. Социология и политология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1029-3736</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8769</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House of Lomonosov Moscow State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24290/1029-3736-2023-29-1-79-97</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sociolpolitol-1077</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ СОЦИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Лев Тихомиров: преодоление революции и критика демократии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lev Tikhomirov: overcoming the revolution and criticizing democracy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смолин</surname><given-names>М. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smolin</surname><given-names>M. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. ист. наук, зав. кафедрой истории и исторического архивоведения</p><p>ул. Библиотечная, д. 7, г. Химки, Московская обл., 141406</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Smolin Michail B., Candidate of Historical Sciences, Head of the Department of History and Historical Archives</p><p>st. Library, 7, Khimki, Moscow region, 141406</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fondiv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт культуры</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of Culture</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>79</fpage><lpage>97</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Смолин М.Б., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Смолин М.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Smolin M.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.socio.msu.ru/jour/article/view/1077">https://vestnik.socio.msu.ru/jour/article/view/1077</self-uri><abstract><p>Французская революция, подняв на свои знамена идею “народной воли”, на несколько столетий определила центром применения человеческих усилий само человеческое общество. Европейские народы, воспитанные в христианском идеализме, с его абсолютными нравственными требованиями были переориентированы на социальный мир, с его крайне ограниченными возможностями воздаяния справедливости.</p><p>Л.А. Тихомиров подверг систематическому пересмотру сложившиеся в европейской политической философии взгляды на демократию. Считая революционные идеи во многом искусственно привнесенными, книжными убеждениями Л.А. Тихомиров, утверждал, что их влияние в России во многом объясняется “отсутствием русской национальной интеллигенции”. Крайней не самостоятельностью общественных наук в России, не способных изучить свой национальный политических опыт и дать рекомендации по развитию страны на будущее.</p><p> В своем понимании эволюции социальных опытов, Л.А. Тихомиров, обвинял в их бесплодности “новую эру” открытую французской революцией XVIII столетия. Именно с нее он видит нарушение духовного равновесия, поставившего людей на путь бесплодных химер.</p><p>Предполагая, что на смену гипертрофированному индивидуализму либерализма, как реакция на него, может прийти социализм со своим всепоглощающим коллективизмом, Л.А. Тихомиров признавал такую возможность только через революционные потрясения. Столь радикальный переворот виделся ему бесполезным и опасным, в силу того, что в его критике демократии главным пунктом было отрицание им возможности построения общества, в котором Верховной Властью реально и непосредственно может быть народная воля.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The French Revolution, having raised the idea of “the people’s will” to its banners, for several centuries determined human society itself as the center of the application of human efforts. The European peoples, brought up in Christian idealism, with its absolute moral requirements, were reoriented to the social world, with its extremely limited possibilities for retribution of justice.</p><p>L.A. Tikhomirov systematically revised the views on democracy that had developed in European political philosophy. His thinking surprisingly combined both a critical perception of other people’s conclusions and the ability to build his own positive constructions. He could both introduce doubts into seemingly well-established postulates, and convince of the correctness of his positive political constructions.</p><p>Considering revolutionary ideas to be largely artificially introduced, L.A. Tikhomirov, argued that their influence in Russia is largely due to the “lack of Russian national intelligentsia”. The extreme lack of independence of the social sciences in Russia, unable to study their national political experience and give recommendations on the development of the country for the future. In his understanding of the evolution of social experiences, L.A. Tikhomirov, blamed the “new era” opened by the French Revolution of the 18th century for their futility. It is from her that he sees the violation of the spiritual balance that has put people on the path of fruitless chimeras.</p><p>Assuming that the hypertrophied individualism of liberalism, as a reaction to it, could be replaced by socialism with its all-consuming collectivism, L.A. Tikhomirov recognized this possibility only through revolutionary upheavals. He saw such a radical upheaval as useless and dangerous, due to the fact that in his criticism of democracy the main point was his denial of the possibility of building a society in which the Supreme Power can really and directly be the people’s will.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Народная воля</kwd><kwd>консерватизм</kwd><kwd>революция</kwd><kwd>критика демократии</kwd><kwd>общая воля</kwd><kwd>воля всех</kwd><kwd>Л.А. Тихомиров</kwd><kwd>социализм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Narodnaya Volya</kwd><kwd>conservatism</kwd><kwd>revolution</kwd><kwd>criticism of democracy</kwd><kwd>general will</kwd><kwd>will of all</kwd><kwd>L.A. Tikhomirov</kwd><kwd>socialism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аптекман О.В. Черный передел. М.; Л., 1923.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aptekman O.V. 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