The article examines the social changes occurring in the global system of the world economy. The causes of the crisis that arose after the Second World War in the international socio-economic and political order are explored, the main of which are the ideology and practice of neo-colonialism and attempts to organize the life of the world community, relying not on the norms and principles of international law, but on those formulated by the world minority and beneficial exclusively to this for the minority there are certain “rules”. The article identifies socio-economic factors of global social transformations that undermine the foundations of liberal globalization. Among them is the strengthening of the role of developing countries in world economic relations, striving to form a multipolar world as a community of equal peoples and establish a more equitable system of international political and economic relations. Particular attention is paid to the deepening global inequality and the aggravation of the confrontation between the North and the global South. The objective nature of the social changes taking place in the world is substantiated. The importance of the Russian state’s policy to strengthen national sovereignty, including in the field of economic development, was confirmed in the conditions of harsh economic and political sanctions imposed against our country by the collective West.