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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sociolpolitol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского университета. Серия 18. Социология и политология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1029-3736</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8769</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House of Lomonosov Moscow State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24290/1029-3736-2025-31-4-135-149</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sociolpolitol-1469</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОЦИОЛОГИЯ ГОРОДА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>URBAN SOCIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Урбанистический кризис XIX — начала XX в. в отечественных социологических исследованиях города дореволюционного периода</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The urban crisis of the 19th — early 20th century in Russian urban sociological studies of the pre-revolutionary period</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гугуев</surname><given-names>Д. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Guguev</surname><given-names>D. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гугуев Даниил Константинович, асп. кафедры современной социологии социологического факультета </p><p>Ленинские горы, 1, стр. 33, г. Москва, 119234 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Guguev Daniil K., Postgraduate student of Department of Modern sociology </p><p>Leninsky Gory 1-33, Moscow, 119234 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">daniilguguev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow state University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>135</fpage><lpage>149</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гугуев Д.К., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гугуев Д.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Guguev D.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.socio.msu.ru/jour/article/view/1469">https://vestnik.socio.msu.ru/jour/article/view/1469</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящей статье осуществляется историко-социологический анализ отечественных социологических исследований города дореволюционного периода, формирующих подходы к повышению качества жизни горожан. Интерес к вопросам улучшения городской среды, активно обсуждаемым социологами сегодня, возникает еще на рубеже XIX–XX в. как реакция на социальные проблемы больших городов того времени, в том числе российских, которые были обусловлены социальным неравенством, обострившимся в результате стремительной и неуправляемой урбанизации. Подчеркивается, что значимый вклад в социологическое изучение социальных противоречий городской жизни и поиск возможных путей их устранения вносят российские социальные мыслители, которые в конце XIX — начале XX столетия разделяют идею о том, что урбанизация должна быть не стихийным, а контролируемым и созидаемым социальным процессом.Социологические исследования российских обществоведов, стремившихся в досоветские годы выработать методы решения социальных проблем, присущих большим городам, группируются вокруг двух социологических концепций — города-сада и муниципального социализма. В статье определяются теоретические истоки этих концептуальных построений, а также производится сравнительный анализ последних, благодаря чему выявляется огромный эвристический потенциал научных разработок, созданных в рамках отечественной социологии города в дореволюционный период.Автор демонстрирует, что социальные проблемы больших городов, а также принципы их решения, анализируемые российскими обществоведами на рубеже XIX–XX в., освещаются в творчестве современных социологов, занимающихся осмыслением городской жизни. В статье делается вывод о том, что отечественные социологические исследования города, проведенные во времена Российской империи, сегодня представляют большую ценность для российской и западной социологии и являются важной теоретико-методологической основой для социологического изучения города и урбанизации в XXI в.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article carries out a historical and sociological analysis of Russian urban sociological researches of the pre-revolutionary period proposing approaches to improving the quality of citizens’ life. The interest in the issues of urban environment improvement discussed by sociologists today arose at the turn of the 19th — 20th centuries as a reaction to the social problems faced by big cities of that time, including Russian cities, due to the social inequality which worsened as a result of rapid and uncontrolled urbanization. It is emphasized that a significant contribution to the sociological study of the social contradictions of urban life and the search for possible ways to eliminate them is made by Russian social thinkers sharing the idea that urbanization should not be spontaneous, but a controlled social process in the late 19th — early 20th centuries.Sociological researches by Russian social scientists seeking solutions of the social problems peculiar to big cities, are grouped around two sociological conceptions - the garden city and municipal socialism. The article defines the theoretical origins of these conceptual constructions and carries out a comparative analysis of these conceptions, thanks to what the huge heuristic potential of scientific developments created within the framework of Russian urban sociology in the pre-revolutionary period is revealed.The author demonstrates that the social problems of big cities, as well as the principles of their solution, analyzed by Russian social scientists at the turn of the 19th — 20th centuries, are highlighted by modern sociologists examining urban life. The article concludes that Russian urban sociological studies conducted in the Russian Empire are a valuable heritage for contemporary Russian and Western sociology and are an important theoretical and methodological basis for sociological researches of city and urbanization in the 21st century.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>большой город</kwd><kwd>урбанизация</kwd><kwd>социальное неравенство</kwd><kwd>город-сад</kwd><kwd>муниципальный социализм</kwd><kwd>капитализм</kwd><kwd>национальное государство</kwd><kwd>городское сообщество</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>big city</kwd><kwd>urbanization</kwd><kwd>social inequality</kwd><kwd>garden city</kwd><kwd>municipal socialism</kwd><kwd>capitalism</kwd><kwd>nation state</kwd><kwd>urban community</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вандервельде Э. 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