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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sociolpolitol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского университета. Серия 18. Социология и политология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1029-3736</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8769</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House of Lomonosov Moscow State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24290/1029-3736-2026-32-2-133-155</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sociolpolitol-1555</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ СОЦИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Группы интересов в политике: проблема комплексной типологизации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Interest groups in politics: problems of complex classification</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каневский</surname><given-names>П. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kanevsky</surname><given-names>P. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каневский Павел Сергеевич, канд. полит. наук, доц. кафедры политологии и социологии политических процессов социологического факультета</p><p>Ленинские горы, 1, стр. 33, г. Москва, 119234</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kanevsky Pavel S., Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Political Science and Sociology of Political Processes, Faculty of Sociology  </p><p>Leninsky Gory, 1-33, Moscow, 119234</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">baggio-18@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>133</fpage><lpage>155</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Каневский П.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Каневский П.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kanevsky P.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.socio.msu.ru/jour/article/view/1555">https://vestnik.socio.msu.ru/jour/article/view/1555</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена критическому анализу существующих классификаций групп интересов и разработке новой, более полной типологии, адекватной современным политическим реалиям. Автор последовательно рассматривает эволюцию теоретических подходов к классификации, начиная с работ Т. Парсонса, М. Олсона, Э. Хейвуда и заканчивая классификациями Г. Алмонда и Дж. Пауэлла. В фокусе внимания оказываются ключевые критерии дифференциации: степень организованности, характер представляемых интересов, размер и масштаб деятельности групп интересов. Автор выявляет системные недостатки существующих типологий, такие как размытость границ между категориями, недооценка роли отдельных корпораций как ключевых субъектов лоббизма, а также идеологическая предвзятость плюралистического подхода, затрудняющая разграничение общественных и частных интересов. Особое внимание уделяется трансформации системы групп интересов под влиянием неолиберализации и глобализации, приведшей к усилению влияния частных корпораций и упадку традиционных крупных ассоциаций (профсоюзов, бизнес-объединений). На основе проведенного анализа в статье предлагается авторская комплексная типология, интегрирующая различные критерии. Ее ядро составляют шесть основных типов субъектов лоббистской деятельности: корпорации; деловые ассоциации; ассоциативные профессиональные группы; институциональные группы; организованные целевые группы; неорганизованные целевые группы. Данная классификация призвана преодолеть концептуальные пробелы существующий типологий и предоставить инструмент для всестороннего изучения лоббизма в условиях развития многоуровневого управления, продолжающихся изменений политических систем и механизмов представительства интересов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents a critical analysis of existing classifications of interest groups and develops a new, more complete typology that is adequate to modern political realities. The author systematically examines the evolution of theoretical approaches to classification, from the works of T. Parsons, M. Olson, E. Heywood to the typologies of G. Almond and J. Powell. Key differentiation criteria are brought into focus: the degree of organization, the nature of represented interests, size and the scale of activity. The author identifies systemic shortcomings of existing typologies, such as blurred boundaries between categories, underestimation of the role of individual corporations as key lobbying actors, and the ideological bias of the pluralist approach, which complicates the distinction between public and private interests. Particular attention is paid to the transformation of the interest group system under the influence of neoliberalization and globalization, which has led to the increased influence of private corporations and the decline of traditional large associations (trade unions, business associations). Based on the analysis, the article proposes an original comprehensive typology that integrates various criteria. Its core consists of six main types of lobbying actors: corporations; business associations; associative professional groups; institutional groups; organized promotional groups; unorganized promotional groups. This classification aims to overcome the conceptual gaps of previous frameworks and provide a tool for a comprehensive study of lobbying in the context of multi-level governance, changes within political systems and mechanisms of interest representation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>группы интересов</kwd><kwd>лоббизм</kwd><kwd>политическая система</kwd><kwd>представительство интересов</kwd><kwd>корпорации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>interest groups</kwd><kwd>lobbying</kwd><kwd>political system</kwd><kwd>interest representation</kwd><kwd>corporations</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алмонд Г., Пауэлл Дж., Стром К., Далтон Р. Сравнительная политология сегодня. Мировой обзор. М., 2002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Almond G., Pauell Dzh., Strom K., Dalton R. 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