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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sociolpolitol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского университета. Серия 18. Социология и политология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1029-3736</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8769</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House of Lomonosov Moscow State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24290/1029-3736-2016-22-2-83-115</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sociolpolitol-178</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕОРИЯ, МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ И ИСТОРИЯ СОЦИОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEORY, METHODOLOGY AND HISTORY OF SOCIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Новые горизонты теории общества начала XXI в.: от постиндустриализма к неокапитализму</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>New horizons of the theory of society at the turn of the century: from postindustrialism to neocapitalism</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полякова</surname><given-names>Наталья Львовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakova</surname><given-names>N. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">vestnik@socio.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>83</fpage><lpage>115</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Полякова Н.Л., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Полякова Н.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Polyakova N.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.socio.msu.ru/jour/article/view/178">https://vestnik.socio.msu.ru/jour/article/view/178</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель статьи состоит в том, чтобы проследить формирование новых теоретических позиций, которые можно наблюдать при прочтении современности, ее специфики при построении теории общества, теории базового социального конфликта и неравенства. В статье анализируются социологические теории, созданные в последнее десятилетие ХХ - первые десятилетия XXI в., в которых осуществляется явная или латентная критика теорий постиндустриализма и общества знания и обосновывается в качестве наиболее адекватной теоретической схемы при описании современного общества теория неокапитализма. В центре обоснования помещаются трансформации, претерпеваемые сферой труда и сама природа труда в современных обществах, природа социального неравенства, а также основные тенденции его изменения. В статье делается основной вывод о том, что знание, наука и технология не могут рассматриваться в качестве самостоятельного фактора, объясняющего состояние и трансформацию социальных отношений, как это преимущественным образом было в теориях общества знания и постиндустриализма, а являются подчиненным моментом отношений власти и собственности. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper aims to trace the formation of new theories of society, of theories of basic social conflict and of theories of social inequality at the turn of the century. These theories are based on a theoretical scheme of “new” capitalism / neocapitalism. They also criticize the established theories of postindustrialim and knowledge society. The new theories focus on analysis of the nature of work in contemporary society, of the structures and dynamics of social inequality. The main point of the analysis carried out in the paper is that knowledge science and technology cannot be viewed as an indepentdent explanatory factor on which to base the research of the actual social relations and their transformation. The theories of postindustrialism and theories of knowledge society do precisely this and that is why they are the object of criticism in the new theories which view knowledge, science and technology as subordinate to the relations of ownership and power. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>теория общества</kwd><kwd>сетевое общество</kwd><kwd>постиндустриализм</kwd><kwd>неокапитализм</kwd><kwd>финансиализация</kwd><kwd>неравенство</kwd><kwd>труд</kwd><kwd>технологическое замещение</kwd><kwd>средний класс</kwd><kwd>theory of society</kwd><kwd>network society</kwd><kwd>postindustrialism</kwd><kwd>neocapitalism</kwd><kwd>financialisation</kwd><kwd>inequality</kwd><kwd>work</kwd><kwd>labor</kwd><kwd>technological substituton</kwd><kwd>middle class</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белл Д. Грядущее постиндустриальное общество. 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