<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sociolpolitol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского университета. Серия 18. Социология и политология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1029-3736</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8769</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House of Lomonosov Moscow State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24290/1029-3736-2017-23-4-169-181</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sociolpolitol-331</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ СОЦИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ РАЗМЕЖЕВАНИЯ В АМЕРИКАНСКОМ ОБЩЕСТВЕ КАК ФАКТОР ПРЕЗИДЕНТСКОЙ КАМПАНИИ 2016 г.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SOCIAL CLEAVAGES IN THE AMERICAN SOCIETY AS A FACTOR OF 2016 PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каневский</surname><given-names>П. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kanevskiy</surname><given-names>P. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">baggio-18@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>169</fpage><lpage>181</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Каневский П.С., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Каневский П.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kanevskiy P.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.socio.msu.ru/jour/article/view/331">https://vestnik.socio.msu.ru/jour/article/view/331</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена анализу социальных размежеваний в американском электоральном пространстве и их влиянию на выборы президента в 2016 г. Впервые появившись в трудах С. Роккана и С.М. Липсета, социальные размежевания являются классической темой для современной политической социологии. Несмотря на то, что развивалась данная теория преимущественно американскими политическими социологами, она крайне редко используется для анализа электорального пространства в самих США, а традиционно направлена на изучение европейских и развивающихся стран, где более отчетливо можно наблюдать дробление общества на электоральные группы. Однако последние изменения в американском обществе и политической системе позволяют говорить о развитии ранее не свойственных для Соединенных Штатов социальных размежеваний. В статье показано, каким образом происходила постепенная трансформация американского электорального пространства, начиная с 1980-х гг., и как, под воздействием ряда социальных, экономических, идеологических факторов оно стало более раздробленным. Выборы 2016 г. стали своеобразной кульминацией тех расколов, которые накапливались в США в течении предыдущих десятилетий и которые еще более усугубились на фоне внутрипартийных кризисов в демократической и особенно республиканской партиях. Победа Дональда Трампа стала олицетворением кризиса американской партийной системы и неспособности ведущих политиков понять суть изменившегося электорального пространства. Автор демонстрирует, что американское общество сегодня является идеологически более поляризованным даже в сравнении со многими европейскими странами, а групповая идентификация стала определять векторы политических изменений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Current article is dedicated to analysis of social cleavages in the American elections and the ways they influenced on presidential election in 2016. Originally developed by S. Rokkan and S.M. Lipset, social cleavages became a classic theme for contemporary political sociology. However, despite the fact that the theory has been developing primarily by Americans, it has been rarely used to analyze electoral system in the USA. Traditionally it’s been aimed at European and developing countries where electoral fragmentation is seen more clearly. But recent changes in the American society and the political system demonstrate the emergence of social cleavages that had not been inherent before. The article shows how American electoral space transformed since the 1980s and how it became more fragmented under the influence of social, economic and ideological factors. Elections in 2016 became a watershed for social cleavages that accumulated through time and aggravated even more considering internal crises in the Democratic and more so in the Republican parties. Donald Trump’s victory is an impersonation of the American party system crisis and of the mainstream politicians’ inability to find proper explanation of the changing electorate. Author shows that American society today is polarized even more than many European countries while group identification determines vectors of political change.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>социальные расколы</kwd><kwd>электоральное пространство</kwd><kwd>политическая система в США</kwd><kwd>групповая идентичность</kwd><kwd>политика идентичности</kwd><kwd>идеология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>social cleavages</kwd><kwd>electoral space</kwd><kwd>American political system</kwd><kwd>group identity</kwd><kwd>identity politics</kwd><kwd>ideology</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andersen R., Heath A. Social identities and political cleavages: The role of political context // University of Oxford Sociology Working Papers. 2002. N 06.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andersen R., Heath A. Social identities and political cleavages: The role of political context // University of Oxford Sociology Working Papers. 2002. N 06.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bornschier S. Cleavage politics in old and new democracies // Living Reviews in Democracy. 2009. Vol. 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bornschier S. Cleavage politics in old and new democracies // Living Reviews in Democracy. 2009. Vol. 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caramani D. The nationalization of politics. The formation of national electorates and party systems in Western Europe. Cambridge, 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caramani D. The nationalization of politics. The formation of national electorates and party systems in Western Europe. Cambridge, 2004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cassidy J. Did the media get the democratic debate wrong? // The New Yorker. 15.10.2015. URL: http://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/did-the-mediaget-the-democratic-debate-wrong</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cassidy J. Did the media get the democratic debate wrong? // The New Yorker. 15.10.2015. URL: http://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/did-the-mediaget-the-democratic-debate-wrong</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davidson A. Trump and the truth: the unemployment-rate hoax // The New Yorker. 10.09.2016. URL: http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/trumpand-the-truth-the-unemployment-rate-hoax</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davidson A. Trump and the truth: the unemployment-rate hoax // The New Yorker. 10.09.2016. URL: http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/trumpand-the-truth-the-unemployment-rate-hoax</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frizell S. Pollster’s legs wobble after fawning Donald Trump focus group // The Time. 25.08.2015. URL: http://time.com/4009413/donald-trump-focusgroup-frank-luntz/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frizell S. Pollster’s legs wobble after fawning Donald Trump focus group // The Time. 25.08.2015. URL: http://time.com/4009413/donald-trump-focusgroup-frank-luntz/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frum D. The great republican revolt // The Atlantic. 2016. Jan/Feb. URL: http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/01/the-great-republicanrevolt/419118/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frum D. The great republican revolt // The Atlantic. 2016. Jan/Feb. URL: http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/01/the-great-republicanrevolt/419118/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Inglehart R. Culture shift in advanced industrial society. Princeton, 1990.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Inglehart R. Culture shift in advanced industrial society. Princeton, 1990.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Inglehart R. Modernization and postmodernization: cultural, economic, and political change in 43 societies. Princeton, 1997.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Inglehart R. Modernization and postmodernization: cultural, economic, and political change in 43 societies. Princeton, 1997.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iyengar S., Sood G., Lelkes Y. Affect, not ideology a social identity perspective on polarization // Public Opinion Quarterly. 2012. N 76 (3).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iyengar S., Sood G., Lelkes Y. Affect, not ideology a social identity perspective on polarization // Public Opinion Quarterly. 2012. N 76 (3).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Katz C. Here’s what the electoral college map would look like if only millennials voted // Mic. 25.10.16. URL: https://mic.com/articles/157558/here-swhat-the-electoral-college-map-would-look-like-if-only-millennials-voted#. RHfm0JUFC</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katz C. Here’s what the electoral college map would look like if only millennials voted // Mic. 25.10.16. URL: https://mic.com/articles/157558/here-swhat-the-electoral-college-map-would-look-like-if-only-millennials-voted#. RHfm0JUFC</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klingemann H.-D., Volkens A., Bara J., Budge I., McDonald M.D. Mapping policy preferences II. Estimates for parties, electors and governments in Eastern Europe, European Union, and OECD in 1990–2003. Oxford, 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klingemann H.-D., Volkens A., Bara J., Budge I., McDonald M.D. Mapping policy preferences II. Estimates for parties, electors and governments in Eastern Europe, European Union, and OECD in 1990–2003. Oxford, 2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kristof N. A confession of liberal intolerance // The New York Times. 07.05.2016. URL: http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/08/opinion/sunday/a-confessionof-liberal-intolerance.html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kristof N. A confession of liberal intolerance // The New York Times. 07.05.2016. URL: http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/08/opinion/sunday/a-confessionof-liberal-intolerance.html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lazarsfeld P., Berelson B, Gaudet H. The people’s choice: how the voter makes up his mind in a presidential campaign. N.Y., 1969.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lazarsfeld P., Berelson B, Gaudet H. The people’s choice: how the voter makes up his mind in a presidential campaign. N.Y., 1969.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lilla M. The end of identity liberalism // The New York Times. 18.11.2016. URL: http://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/20/opinion/sunday/the-end-of-identityliberalism.html?_r=0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lilla M. The end of identity liberalism // The New York Times. 18.11.2016. URL: http://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/20/opinion/sunday/the-end-of-identityliberalism.html?_r=0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lind M. Obama: last of the “new democrats”? // Salon. 30.10.2012. URL: http://www.salon.com/2012/10/30/obama_last_of_the_new_democrats/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lind M. Obama: last of the “new democrats”? // Salon. 30.10.2012. URL: http://www.salon.com/2012/10/30/obama_last_of_the_new_democrats/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lipset S.M., Rokkan S. Party systems and voter alignments. N.Y.; L., 1967.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lipset S.M., Rokkan S. Party systems and voter alignments. N.Y.; L., 1967.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mason L. “I disrespectfully agree”: the differential effects of partisan sorting on social and issue polarization // American Journal of Political Science. 2015. N 59 (1).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mason L. “I disrespectfully agree”: the differential effects of partisan sorting on social and issue polarization // American Journal of Political Science. 2015. N 59 (1).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muste C.P. Reframing polarization: social groups and “culture wars” // PS: Political Science &amp; Politics. 2014. N 47 (02).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muste C.P. Reframing polarization: social groups and “culture wars” // PS: Political Science &amp; Politics. 2014. N 47 (02).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oesch D. Explaining workers’ support for right-wing populist parties in Western Europe: evidence from Austria, Belgium, France, Norway, and Switzerland // International Political Science Review. 2008. N 29 (3).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oesch D. Explaining workers’ support for right-wing populist parties in Western Europe: evidence from Austria, Belgium, France, Norway, and Switzerland // International Political Science Review. 2008. N 29 (3).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rose R., McAllister I. Voters begin to choose: from closed class to open elections in Britain. L., 1986.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rose R., McAllister I. Voters begin to choose: from closed class to open elections in Britain. L., 1986.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tajfel H., Turner J. An integrative theory of intergroup conflict // The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations. 1979. N 33 (47).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tajfel H., Turner J. An integrative theory of intergroup conflict // The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations. 1979. N 33 (47).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
