<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sociolpolitol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского университета. Серия 18. Социология и политология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1029-3736</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8769</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House of Lomonosov Moscow State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24290/1029-3736-2018-24-2-156-172</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sociolpolitol-399</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОЦИОЛОГИЯ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SOCIOLOGY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ГЕОПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ВНЕШНЕПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ СТРАТЕГИИ США ПО УСТАНОВЛЕНИЮ НОВОГО МИРОВОГО ПОРЯДКА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>GEOPOLITICAL FOUNDATIONS OF U.S. FOREIGN POLICY STRATEGY ON ESTABLISHING THE NEW WORLD ORDER</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плащинский</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plashchinsky</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Плащинский Александр Алексеевич – кандидат политических наук, первый проректор Учреждения образования Федерации профсоюзов Белоруссии</p><p>ул. Казинца, д. 21/3, Минск, 220099</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Plashchinsky Alexander A. – Associate Professor, First Vice Rector, Higher Educational Establishment of the Federation of Trade Unions of Belarus</p><p>Kazinza st., 21/3, Minsk, 220099</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.plashchinsky@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Международный университет “МИТСО”</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>International University “MITSO”</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>06</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>156</fpage><lpage>172</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Плащинский А.А., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Плащинский А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Plashchinsky A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.socio.msu.ru/jour/article/view/399">https://vestnik.socio.msu.ru/jour/article/view/399</self-uri><abstract><p>Академическая и политическая элита в США традиционно придерживается двух подходов к реализации внешней политики. Это изоляционизм, с одной стороны, и глобализм (интернационализм), с другой стороны. Данные подходы основываются на различных принципах внешнеполитических действий: с одной стороны, невовлеченности в дела Евразии и мира в целом (изоляционизм) и, с другой стороны, активной геополитической и геоэкономической экспансии (глобализм). Несмотря на определенные противоречия по вопросам выбора внешнеполитических инструментов, в частности, относительно выбора концепций “мягкой силы” или “жесткой силы”, односторонних или многосторонних действий, представители каждой из указанных школ мысли придерживаются главного фундаментального принципа американской внешней политики – защиты национальных интересов США перед лицом “образа врага”. Поэтому глобалисты и изоляционисты, “реалисты” и “идеалисты”, так называемые “ястребы” и “голуби” в американском внешнеполитическом истеблишменте совместно противодействуют “внешней угрозе”. Со времен холодной войны такая “угроза” традиционно обозначается в лице России. Вокруг нее, в первую очередь, и формируется “образ врага”. В статье рассматриваются геополитические концепции внешней политики США, которые обусловили глобальную экспансию этой страны на международной арене. Среди них – концепция “подвижных границ”, концепция “анаконды”, концепция “Хартленда”, концепция “Римленда” и т.д. Принимая во внимание агрессивный характер внешнеполитического курса США, анализ данных концепций позволяет рассмотреть политику США как геостратегию, направленную на установление нового мирового порядка. Анализ ее геополитических основ позволяет раскрыть фундаментальные процессы в мировой политике и прогнозировать возможные сценарии будущего мироустройства. Исследование геополитических основ стратегии США также позволяет понять причины противодействия США евразийскому интеграционному процессу.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Academic and political establishment in the United States traditionally abides by two approaches towards the implementation of foreign policy. That is isolationism, on the one hand, and globalism (internationalism), on the other. These approaches are based on different principles of foreign policy actions, namely, non-involvement in the affairs of Eurasia and those of the world in general (isolationism) and, on the contrary, active geopolitical and geo-economic expansion (globalism). Despite certain contradictions in choosing foreign policy instruments, in particular, the concepts of “soft power” or “hard power”, unilateral or multilateral actions, representatives of each of these schools of thought adhere to the main fundamental principle of the U.S. foreign policy, that is, the defense of U.S. national interests in the face of the “image of enemy”. Therefore, globalists and isolationists, “realists” and “idealists”, the so-called “hawks” and “doves” in the American foreign policy establishment are jointly countering the “external threat”. Since the Cold War period, such a “threat” has been traditionally identified in the face of Russia. Around her, first and foremost, “the image of enemy” is being formed. The article deals with geopolitical concepts of U.S. foreign policy, which preconditioned global expansion of that country on the international arena, such as the moving “Frontier” concept, the “Anaconda” concept, the “Heartland” concept, the “Rimland” concept and etc. Considering the aggressive nature of the U.S. foreign policy, the analysis of the above concepts allows to considering the latter as being the geostrategy, which is aimed at establishing the new world order. The analysis of its geopolitical foundations allows us to reveal fundamental processes in world politics and to predict possible scenarios of the coming world order. The research of the geopolitical foundations of the U.S. strategy also makes it possible understanding of the true reasons for the U.S. opposing the Eurasian integration process.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>внешняя политика США</kwd><kwd>концепции</kwd><kwd>геополитика</kwd><kwd>геостратегия</kwd><kwd>мировая гегемония</kwd><kwd>новый мировой порядок</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>U.S. foreign policy</kwd><kwd>concepts</kwd><kwd>geopolitics</kwd><kwd>geostrategy</kwd><kwd>world hegemony</kwd><kwd>new world order</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бескровный Л.Г. Армия и флот России в начале XX в.: очерки военно-экономического потенциала / Отв. ред. А.Л. Нарочницкий. М., 1986.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1992 draft defense planning gui dance // Right Web. URL: http://rightweb.irconline.org/profile/1992_Draft_Defense_Planning_Guidance (accessed: 03.06.2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ильин И. Что сулит миру расчл енение России? // Православие. URL: http://www.pravoslavie.ru/put/2444.htm. (дата доступа: 04.06.2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beskrovnyj L.G. Armija i flot Rossii v nachale XX v.: ocherki voenno-jekonomicheskogo potenciala / Otv. red. A.L. Narochnickij. M., 1986 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Конобеев В. Битва за Римленд: ресурс стран Восточной Европы в геостратегии США в Евразии // Беларус. думка. 2009. № 3. URL: http://beldumka.belta.by/isfiles/000167_422107.pdf (дата доступа: 05.06.2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bolton K.R. Origins of the cold war: how Stalin foiled a “New world order”. Relevance for the present // Foreign Policy Journal. 2010. 31 May. URL: http:// www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2010/05/31/origins-of-the-cold-war-how-stalinfoilda-new-world-order (accessed: 09.05.2012).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лофтус Дж., Ааронс М. Тайная война против евреев // Хроники Иерусалима. 2009. URL: http://gazeta.rjews.net/Lib/secret/2.html#4 (дата обращения: 15.04.2016).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brzezinski Z. The grand chessbo ard: American primacy and its geostrategic imperatives. N.Y., 1998. Vol. XIV.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Михалков Н.С. Культура – не надстройка! Возможно ли, расстреляв прошлое, двигаться с реформами в будущее // Независимая газета. 1997. 14 февр.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chertovich V. Vojna po zakonam podlosti // Profilib: jelektronnaya biblioteka. URL: http://profilib.com/chtenie/129716/vladimir-chertovich-voyna-po-zakonampodlosti118.php  (data obrashhenija: 02.05.2015) (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Оперативный сбор командного со става Вооруженных Сил: 30 окт. 2015 г. // Официальный интернет-портал Президента Республики Беларусь. URL: http://president.gov.by/ru/news_ru/view/operativnyj-sbora-komandnogosostavavooruzhennyx-sil-12462 (дата доступа: 06.02.2017).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Il’in I. Chto sulit miru raschlenenie Rossii? // Pravoslavie. URL: http://shhshhshh.pravoslavie.ru/put/2444.htm (data obrashhenija: 04.06.2015) (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Препарата Г.Д. Гитлер, Inc.: как Британия и США создавали Третий рейх. М., 2007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kennan G.F. Measures short of wa r: the lectures at the National War College, 1946–1947 / Ed. by G.D. Harlow, G.C. Maerz. Washington, 1991. Vol. XXXIII.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ричард Ч.У. Мобильные, неуязвимые вооруженные силы: “Обзор оборонной политики США” глазами Сунь-Цзы и Джона Бойда / Под ред. В. Белоуса, И. Сафранчука. М., 2002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kissinger H. Diplomacy. N.Y., 1994</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стариков Н. Геополитика. Как э то делается. СПб., 2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konobeev V. Bitva za Rimlend: resurs stran Vostochnoj Evropy v geostrategii SShA v Evrazii // Belarus. dumka. 2009. N 3. URL: http://beldumka.belta.by/isfiles/000167_422107.pdf (data obrashhenija: 05.06.2015) (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Уткин А.И. Месть за победу – новая война. М., 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levin N.G. Woodrow Wilson and wor ld politics. America’s response to war and revolution. Oxford, 1968. Vol. XII.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чертович В. Война по законам по длости // Profilib: электронная библиотека. URL: http://profilib.com/chtenie/129716/vladimir-chertovich-voynapozakonam-podlosti-118.php (дата доступа: 02.05.2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loftus Dzh., Aarons M. Tajnaja vojna protiv evreev // Hroniki Ierusalima. 2009. URL: http://gazeta.rjeshhs.net/Lib/secret/2.html#4 (data obrashhenija: 15.04.2016) (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шебаршин Л. Рука Москвы: записк и начальника советской разведки // Сайт Леонида Шебаршина. URL: http://shebarshin.ru/intell.html (дата доступа: 11.06.2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mackinder H.J. The geographical pivot of history // Geographical Journal. 1904. Vol. 23. N 4. P. 421–437.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шебаршин Л. Хроники Безвременья . Заметки бывшего начальника разведки // Сайт Леонида Шебаршина. URL: http://shebarshin.ru/timeless.html (дата доступа: 11.06.2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mackinder H.J. Democratic ideals a nd reality: a study in the politics of reconstruction. Washington, 1996. Vol. XXIII.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mihalkov N.S. Kul’tura – ne nadstrojka! Vozmozhno li, rasstreljav proshloe, dvigat’sja s reformami v budushhee // Nezavisimaja gazeta. 1997. 14 fevr. (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mihalkov N.S. Kul’tura – ne nadstrojka! Vozmozhno li, rasstreljav proshloe, dvigat’sja s reformami v budushhee // Nezavisimaja gazeta. 1997. 14 fevr. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Operativnyj sbor komandnogo sostava Vooruzhennyh Sil: 30 okt. 2015 g. // Oficialniy internet-portal Prezidenta Respubliki Belarus’. URL: http://president.gov.by/ru/neshhs_ru/vieshh/operativnyj-sbora-komandnogo-sostava-vooruzhennyhsil12462 (data obrashhenija: 06.02.2017) (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Operativnyj sbor komandnogo sostava Vooruzhennyh Sil: 30 okt. 2015 g. // Oficialniy internet-portal Prezidenta Respubliki Belarus’. URL: http://president.gov.by/ru/neshhs_ru/vieshh/operativnyj-sbora-komandnogo-sostava-vooruzhennyhsil12462 (data obrashhenija: 06.02.2017) (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Preparata G.D. Gitler, Inc.: Kak Britanija i SShA sozdavali Tretij rejh. M., 2007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Preparata G.D. Gitler, Inc.: Kak Britanija i SShA sozdavali Tretij rejh. M., 2007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rebuilding America’s defenses: strategy , forces and resources for a new century: a report of the Project for the New Amer. Century. Washington, 2000. URL: http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/pdf/RebuildingAmericasDefenses.pdf (data obrashhenija: 11.06.2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rebuilding America’s defenses: strategy , forces and resources for a new century: a report of the Project for the New Amer. Century. Washington, 2000. URL: http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/pdf/RebuildingAmericasDefenses.pdf (data obrashhenija: 11.06.2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Richard Ch. U. Mobil’nye, neujazvimye vooruzhennye sily: “Obzor oboronnoj politiki SShA” glazami Sun’-Czy i Dzhona Bojda / Pod red. V. Belousa, I. Safranchuka. M., 2002 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Richard Ch. U. Mobil’nye, neujazvimye vooruzhennye sily: “Obzor oboronnoj politiki SShA” glazami Sun’-Czy i Dzhona Bojda / Pod red. V. Belousa, I. Safranchuka. M., 2002 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rostow W. The United States in the world a rena: an essay in recent history. N.Y., 1960. Vol. XXII.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rostow W. The United States in the world a rena: an essay in recent history. N.Y., 1960. Vol. XXII.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Russia’s wrong direction: what the United States can and should do / Ed. by J. Edwards, J. Kemp, S. Sestanovich. N.Y., 2006. Vol. XIV.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Russia’s wrong direction: what the United States can and should do / Ed. by J. Edwards, J. Kemp, S. Sestanovich. N.Y., 2006. Vol. XIV.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sempa F.P. Spykman’s world // American Dip lomacy. URL: http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/item/2006/0406/semp/sempa_spykman.html (accessed: 11.06.2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sempa F.P. Spykman’s world // American Dip lomacy. URL: http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/item/2006/0406/semp/sempa_spykman.html (accessed: 11.06.2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shebarshin L. Hroniki Bezvremen’ja. Zametki byvshego nachal’nika razvedki // Sayt Leonida Shebarshina. URL: http://shebarshin.ru/timeless.html (data obrashhenija: 11.06.2015) (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shebarshin L. Hroniki Bezvremen’ja. Zametki byvshego nachal’nika razvedki // Sayt Leonida Shebarshina. URL: http://shebarshin.ru/timeless.html (data obrashhenija: 11.06.2015) (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shebarshin L. Ruka Moskvy: zapiski nachal’nika sovetskoj razvedki // Sayt Leonida Shebarshina. URL: http://shebarshin.ru/intell.html (data obrashhenija: 11.06.2015) (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shebarshin L. Ruka Moskvy: zapiski nachal’nika sovetskoj razvedki // Sayt Leonida Shebarshina. URL: http://shebarshin.ru/intell.html (data obrashhenija: 11.06.2015) (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spykman N.J. America’s strategy in world politi cs: the United States and the balance of power. N.Y., 1942.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spykman N.J. America’s strategy in world politi cs: the United States and the balance of power. N.Y., 1942.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spykman N.J. Geographic objectives in foreign policy I // The American Political Science Review. 1939. Vol. 33. N 3. P. 391–410.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spykman N.J. Geographic objectives in foreign policy I // The American Political Science Review. 1939. Vol. 33. N 3. P. 391–410.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spykman N.J. Geography and foreign policy I // The American Political  Science Review. 1938. Vol. 32. N 1. P. 28–50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spykman N.J. Geography and foreign policy I // The American Political  Science Review. 1938. Vol. 32. N 1. P. 28–50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spykman N.J. The geography of the peace. N.Y., 194 4. Vol. XII.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spykman N.J. The geography of the peace. N.Y., 194 4. Vol. XII.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Starikov N. Geopolitika. Kak jeto delaetsja. SPb., 2014 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Starikov N. Geopolitika. Kak jeto delaetsja. SPb., 2014 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turner F.G. The significance of the frontier in American history // The Annenberg Foundation. URL: http://www.learner.org/workshops/primarysources/corporations/docs/turner.html (accessed: 12.06.2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turner F.G. The significance of the frontier in American history // The Annenberg Foundation. URL: http://www.learner.org/workshops/primarysources/corporations/docs/turner.html (accessed: 12.06.2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Utkin A.I. Mest’ za pobedu – novaja vojna. M., 2005 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Utkin A.I. Mest’ za pobedu – novaja vojna. M., 2005 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Venier P. The geographical pivot of history and early 20th century geopolitical culture // Geographical Journal. 2004. Vol. 170. N 4. P. 330–336.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Venier P. The geographical pivot of history and early 20th century geopolitical culture // Geographical Journal. 2004. Vol. 170. N 4. P. 330–336.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
