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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sociolpolitol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского университета. Серия 18. Социология и политология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1029-3736</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8769</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House of Lomonosov Moscow State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24290/1029-3736-2019-25-1-29-41</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sociolpolitol-524</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОЦИОЛОГИЯ НЕРАВЕНСТВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SOCIOLOGY OF INEQUALITY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Социальное неравенство в социологической теории Зигмунта Баумана</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Social inequality in the Zigmunt Bauman’s sociologicaltheory</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартыненко</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynenko</surname><given-names>Tatyana S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мартыненко Татьяна Сергеевна, канд. социол. наук, ст. преп. кафедры современной социологии социологического факультета МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова</p><p>Ленинские горы, МГУ, д. 1. стр. 33, г. Москва, Российская Федерация, 119234</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant of the Department of Contemporary Sociology, Faculty of sociology</p><p>Leninsky Gory, 1-33, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119234</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ts.martynenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>04</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мартыненко Т.С., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мартыненко Т.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Martynenko T.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.socio.msu.ru/jour/article/view/524">https://vestnik.socio.msu.ru/jour/article/view/524</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена концепции социального неравенства британского социолога Зигмунта Баумана (1925–2017). Прослеживается трансформация взглядов социолога на проблему социального неравенства. В статье также анализируется влияние творчества З. Баумана на современную социологическую теорию, обозначается круг основных тем и вопросов. На основе биографического и методологического критериев в творчестве З. Баумана выделяются несколько периодов.Варшавский период (Польша) характеризуется влиянием марксизма и рассмотрением социального неравенства при помощи классового подхода. Публикации, изданные на польском языке, не вызвали интереса у социологического сообщества, но послужили точкой отсчета в творчестве З. Баумана. В Лидский период (Великобритания) британский социолог значительно пересматривает методологические основания своей теории. Ключевыми понятиями второго периода становятся «“текучая” современность», “доступ”, “потребление”. На смену понятиям “класс” и “труд” приходят “новые бедные”, существующие в неустойчивых сообществах и вынужденные конструировать собственную идентичность через потребление. Важным компонентом этой трансформации становится процесс индивидуализации. Доступ к перемещениям, производству культуры, информации, отсутствие собственности как отягощающего фактора отличают современные элиты.Позже автор активно использует понятие “постмодерн”, а также обращается к таким категориям, как “нарратив”, “рефлексивность” и “идентичность”. От объективных характеристик социального положения автор обращается к анализу восприятия субъектами социальных отношений своего положения в обществе. Для описания этой субъективной оценки З. Бауман вводит понятия “рассказанные жизни” и “прожитые истории”.Социальное неравенство поддерживается, конструируется и воспроизводится через совокупность установок, распространенных в современных обществах. Информационная революция не улучшает положение бедных слоев, но оборачивается дальнейшим ухудшением положения, углублением неравенства и эксклюзией. Тем не менее, “обреченность на свободу” позволяет, по мнению З. Баумана, утверждать, что социальное неравенство не является единственно возможной судьбой человечества.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the concept of social inequality of the British sociologist Zygmunt Bauman (1925–2017). The transformation of the views of the sociologist into the problem of social inequality is traced. The article also analyzes the influence of Z. Bauman’s work on modern sociological theory, and identifies a range of basic topics and questions. Based on the biographical and methodological criteria in the work of Z. Bauman, several periods are singled out.The Warsaw period (Poland) is characterized by the influence of Marxism and consideration of social inequality through a class approach. Publications published in Polish did not arouse the interest of the sociological community, but served as a starting point in the work of Z. Bauman. In the Leeds period (Great Britain), the British sociologist significantly reconsiders the methodological foundations of his theory. The key concepts of the second period are «“fluid” modernity», “access”, “consumption”. The notions of “class” and “labour” are replaced by “new poor” existing in unstable communities and forced to construct their own identity through consumption. The important component of this transformation is the process of individualization. Access to displacement, production of culture, information, lack of property as an aggravating factor is distinguished by modern elites.Later, the author actively uses the concept of “postmodern”, and also refers to such categories as “narrative”, “reflexivity” and “identity”. From the objective characteristics of social position, the author turns to an analysis of the perception of the situation in social relations by the subjects of social relations. To describe this subjective assessment Z. Bauman introduces the concepts of “told lives” and “lived stories”. Social inequality is maintained, constructed and reproduced through a set of attitudes prevalent in modern societies. The information revolution does not improve the situation of the poor, but leads to further deterioration of the situation, deepening inequality and exclusion. Nevertheless, “fatality on freedom” allows, according to Z. Bauman, to argue that social inequality is not the only possible fate of mankind.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>современная социология</kwd><kwd>социальное неравенство</kwd><kwd>З. Бауман</kwd><kwd>доступ</kwd><kwd>“текучая” современность</kwd><kwd>постмодернизм</kwd><kwd>индивидуализация</kwd><kwd>идентичность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>modern sociology</kwd><kwd>social inequality</kwd><kwd>Z. Bauman</kwd><kwd>access</kwd><kwd>“liquid” modernity</kwd><kwd>postmodern</kwd><kwd>individualization</kwd><kwd>identity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Артемова Т.С. Понятие “доступ” в социологической теории Джереми Рифкина // Социология. 2012. No 3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">th Conference of the European Sociological Association. 25–28 August 2015. Differences, Inequalities and Sociological Imagination. 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