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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sociolpolitol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского университета. Серия 18. Социология и политология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1029-3736</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8769</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House of Lomonosov Moscow State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24290/1029-3736-2019-25-2-40-65</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sociolpolitol-566</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ СОЦИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECONOMIC SOCIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ КОНТЕКСТЫ РАЗВИТИЯ РЫНКА ТРУДА В РОССИИ И ГЕРМАНИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXTS OF LABOUR MARKETS’ DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA AND GERMANY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барков</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barkov</surname><given-names>Sergey A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Барков Сергей Александрович </p><p>докт. социол. наук, проф., зав. кафедрой экономической социологии и менеджмента социологического факультета МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова, Ленинские горы, 1, стр. 33, Москва, 119234</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">barkserg@live.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарпф</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Scharpf</surname><given-names>Michael</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шарпф Михаэль </p><p>докт. экономики, проф., проректор Высшей школы Федерального агентства по труду Германии — Университета прикладных исследований труда, Мангейм</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">Michael.Scharpf@arbeitsagentur.de</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет прикладных исследований труда</institution><country>Германия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of Applied Labour Studies</institution><country>Germany</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Барков С.А., Шарпф М., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Барков С.А., Шарпф М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Barkov S.A., Scharpf M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.socio.msu.ru/jour/article/view/566">https://vestnik.socio.msu.ru/jour/article/view/566</self-uri><abstract><p>Институциональный контекст развития рынка труда синтезирует в себе как факторы прямого воздействия (меры государственного регулирования и соответствующие законы), так и специфические институции — традиции, стереотипы поведения, особенности культуры. В статье проведен сравнительный анализ ряда институциональных аспектов развития рынков труда в России и Германии. Выделена главная особенность российского рынка труда: низкий уровень безработицы при очень низких заработных платах. Фактически, важнейшим мотивом для россиян служит страх потерять работу и оказаться в статусе безработного. Значимым фактором прямого воздействия, определяющим различия рассматриваемых рынков, является размер пособий по безработице. Данный фактор служит причиной наличия или отсутствия иждивенческих настроений в обществе, в частности, среди прибывающих в страну мигрантов. Различные модели рыночных отношений, сложившиеся к этому времени в двух странах, обусловили степень свободы рынка от государственного воздействия. В целом, в Германии рынок и отношения работник-работодатель в большей степени подвержены государственному контролю. В то же время в России важнейшим приоритетом работы государственных органов стала финансовая эффективность. Она часто вступает в противоречие с социальной эффективностью, а иногда и со здравым смыслом. Институциональный контекст развития рынка труда формируется не только самим этим рынком и органами, его регулирующими. На него оказывают влияние социально-экономические и культурные феномены, связанные с самыми разными сферами жизни. В этой связи авторы акцентировали внимание на наличии и режиме работы дошкольных учреждений, а также на степени государственной поддержки малого бизнеса.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The institutional context of labour market development synthesizes both direct impact factors (government regulation and relevant laws) and specific institutions — traditions, behavior stereotypes, and cultural features. The article compares several institutional aspects of the labour markets in Russia and Germany. The main feature of the Russian labour market is distinguished out: low unemployment rate and simultaneously very low wages. In fact, the most important incentive for Russians is the fear of losing their jobs and becoming unemployed. A significant factor of direct impact, determining the differences of these markets, is the amount of unemployment benefits. This factor is the reason for the presence or absence of parasitic attitudes in the society, in particular, among migrants staying in the country. The various models of market relations that have developed by this time in the two countries have determined the degree of market freedom from state influence. In general, in Germany, the market and employee-employer relations are more controlled by the state. At the same time in Russia the most important priority of the government agencies has become financial efficiency. It often comes into conflict with social efficiency, and sometimes with common sense. The institutional context of the labour market is formed not only by the market itself and the bodies regulating it. It is influenced by socio-economic and cultural phenomena associated with different spheres of life. In this regard, the authors focused on the pre-school institutions’ availability and operation mode, as well as on the degree of state support for small businesses.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>институциональный контекст</kwd><kwd>институциональные факторы</kwd><kwd>институции</kwd><kwd>рынок труда</kwd><kwd>пособия по безработице</kwd><kwd>длительная безработица</kwd><kwd>фиктивная безработица</kwd><kwd>миграция</kwd><kwd>малый бизнес</kwd><kwd>дошкольные учреждения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>institutional context</kwd><kwd>institutional factors</kwd><kwd>institutions</kwd><kwd>labour market</kwd><kwd>unemployment benefits</kwd><kwd>long-term unemployment</kwd><kwd>fictitious unemployment</kwd><kwd>migration</kwd><kwd>small business</kwd><kwd>pre-school institutions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аузан А.А. 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