<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sociolpolitol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского университета. Серия 18. Социология и политология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1029-3736</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8769</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House of Lomonosov Moscow State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24290/1029-3736-2019-25-3-7-35</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sociolpolitol-583</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕОРИЯ, МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ И ИСТОРИЯ СОЦИОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEORY, METHODOLOGY AND HISTORY OF SOCIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возможности и ограничения основных методических подходов к изучению счастья</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Possibilities and limitations of the key methodological approaches to the study of happiness</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Троцук</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trotsuk</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Троцук Ирина Владимировна, профессор кафедры социологии</p><p>ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6, г. Москва, 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Trotsuk Irina V., Doctor of Sociology, Professor of Sociology Department</p><p>Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 6, Moscow, Russian Federation, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irina.trotsuk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гребнева</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grebneva</surname><given-names>V. Ye.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гребнева Валерия Евгеньевна, тьютор по работе с аспирантами</p><p>ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6, г. Москва, 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Grebneva Valeriya Ye., PhD in Sociology, Postgraduate students tutor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences</p><p>Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 6, Moscow, Russian Federation, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.grebneva@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов (РУДН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>RUDN University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Троцук И.В., Гребнева В.Е., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Троцук И.В., Гребнева В.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Trotsuk I.V., Grebneva V.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.socio.msu.ru/jour/article/view/583">https://vestnik.socio.msu.ru/jour/article/view/583</self-uri><abstract><p>В последние годы вопрос о том, что такое счастье, причем в прикладном смысле его обретения, стал феноменально популярен. Начало данной тенденции было положено значительно раньше — можно сослаться на 1970-е гг., когда были проведены первые эмпирические исследования, призванные показать, насколько ощущение и самооценка человеком себя как счастливого/несчастного связаны с поиском удовольствий (с гедонизмом как образом жизни). За прошедшие десятилетия счастье стало полноправным объектом концептуальных и методических изысканий практически всех дисциплин социально-гуманитарного и даже естественнонаучного знания, оценка возможностей его определения и обретения вышла далеко за пределы художественной литературы, для которой поиски человеком своего места в жизни и счастья всегда были важнейшим основанием самопозиционирования. В результате сегодня каждое дисциплинарное направление должно хотя бы пунктирно и с заходом на сопредельные научные территории обозначить контуры собственного предметного поля в исследовании счастья. Цель статьи — систематизировать методические подходы к социологическому анализу счастья, обозначив их познавательные возможности и ограничения. Авторы показывают, что в распоряжении социологов находится огромный массив литературы, предлагающий множество концептуальных и операциональных дефиниций счастья, а также методических решений для оценки уровня счастья и факторов, его детерминирующих. Представленный в статье обзор не претендует на полноту и законченность, а лишь систематизирует накопленные на сегодняшний момент разработки и указывает два многообещающих условных направления дальнейших социологических поисков — “объективистский” эконометрический подход (индексы счастья на основе социально-экономических показателей) и “субъективистский” социально-психологический подход (самооценки в терминах счастья, выявляемые в ходе опросов общественного мнения).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In recent years, the issue of happiness, including the practical searches for it, has become phenomenally popular. However, this trend was set many decades ago, already in the 1970s, when the first empirical studies were conducted to reveal that the personal feeling and self-identification as happy/unhappy are related to the pursuit of pleasure (i.e. to hedonism as a lifestyle). Over the past decades, happiness has become a legitimate object of conceptual and methodological research within almost all humanities, social and even natural sciences due to the fact that searches for the definition and acquisition of happiness went far beyond the limits of fiction that has always been involved in providing people with answers to questions on what happiness is and how to find one’s place in life. As a result, today every scientific discipline should outline the contours of its own interpretation of happiness albeit not a single one, not an unambiguous one and not without intersections with other disciplines’ approaches. The article aims at systematizing methodological approaches to the sociological analysis of happiness and identification of their possibilities and limitations. The authors show that sociologists can use a huge variety of works with different conceptual and operational definitions of happiness, and many methods to assess the level of happiness and the factors determining it. The presented review is not complete or final, it only systematizes the developments in the study of happiness and identifies two promising directions for further sociological searches — the “objectivist” econometric approach (happiness indexes based on social-economic indicators) and the “subjectivist” social-psychological approach (self-assessments of happiness in public opinion polls).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>счастье</kwd><kwd>измерение</kwd><kwd>социально-экономические показатели</kwd><kwd>индексы</kwd><kwd>опросы общественного мнения</kwd><kwd>самооценки</kwd><kwd>социально-психологический подход</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>happiness</kwd><kwd>measurement</kwd><kwd>socio-economic indicators</kwd><kwd>indexes</kwd><kwd>public opinion polls</kwd><kwd>self-assessments</kwd><kwd>social-psychological approach</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена при поддержке РФФИ. Проект №18-011-00993 “Счастье как междисциплинарный конструкт: варианты социологической концептуализации и операционализации”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аргайл М. Психология счастья. СПб., 2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andrews F.M., Withey S.B. Social Indicators of Well-Being: Americans’ Perceptions of Life Quality. N.Y., 1976.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аристотель. Никомахова этика // Аристотель. Сочинения. Т. 4. М., 1983.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Argyle M. Psikhologiya schastya [The Psychology of Happiness]. SPb., 2003 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бенгли Ш. Счастливы вместо // Русский Newsweek. 2008. № 8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aristotle. Nikomakhova etika [Nicomachean Ethics] // Aristotle. Sochineniya [Works]. Vol. 4. M., 1983 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жданова С.Ю., Печеркина А.В., Строканов А.А. Структура репрезентации состояния счастья у представителей российской и американской культур // Образование и наука. 2017. Т. 19. № 7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bengli Sh. Schastlivy vmesto [Happy instead] // Russky Newsweek [Russian Newsweek]. 2008. N 8 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Журавлев А.Л. Счастье как научная категория // Вестник РАН. 2014. Т. 84. № 8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bradburn N.M., Noll C.E. The Structure of Psychological Well-Being. Chicago, 1969.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Канеман Д. Думай медленно… решай быстро. М., 2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chepurnykh M.N. Indeksy schastya: opyt Zapada (sotsiologicheskiy obzor) [Happiness indexes: Western experience (a sociological review)]. URL: http://www.teoria-practica.ru/-9-2012/sociology/chepurnykh.pdf (accessed: 26.12.2018) (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Канеман Д., Словик П., Тверски А. Принятие решений в неопределенности. СПб., 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Csikszentmihalyi M. Potok: psikhologiya optimalnogo perezhivaniya [Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience]. M., 2011 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Качур Н.В. Молодежное восприятие счастья (по результатам социологического опроса) // Известия Саратовского университета. Серия: Социология. Политология. 2013. Т. 13. Вып. 3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davidson D. Essays on actions and events. Oxford, 1980.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Левит Л.З. Исследование основных понятий позитивной психологии с помощью методов выборки переживаний (ESM) // Современная зарубежная психология. 2013. № 3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duncan G. What do we mean by “happiness”? The relevance of subjective well-being to social policy // Social Policy Journal of New Zealand. 2005. Vol. 25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лейбниц Г.В. Начала природы и благодати, основанные на разуме // Сочинения. Т. 1. М., 1982.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Easterlin R.A. Does economic growth improve the human lot? Some empirical evidence // Nations Are Households in Economic Growth / Ed. by P.A. David, M.W. Reder. N.Y., 1974.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лэйард Р. Счастье. Уроки новой науки. М., 2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Easterlin R. Will raising the income of all increase the happiness of all? // Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 1995. Vol. 27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мишланова С.Л., Суворова М.В., Жданова С.Ю., Строканов А.А. Вербальная и жестовая репрезентации наивного представления о счастье в устном нарративе американских студентов // Вестник Пермского университета. Серия: Российская и зарубежная филология. 2014. Вып. 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Easterlin R. Income and happiness: towards a unified theory // Economic Journal. 2001. Vol. III.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Намлинская О.О. “Экономика счастья”: особенности определения и перспективы развития в условиях модернизации // Региональные проблемы преобразований экономики. 2014. № 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elster J. Kisly vinograd. Issledovanie provalov ratsionalnosti [Sour Grapes:</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Осин Е.Н., Леонтьев Д.А. Апробация русскоязычных версий двух шкал экспресс-оценки субъективного благополучия // Материалы III Всероссийского социологического конгресса. М., 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Studies in the Subversion of Rationality] / Nauch. red. A. Morozova. M., 2018 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Родионова Л.А. Методологические аспекты измерения и моделирования уровня счастья // Вопросы статистики. 2012. № 6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferrer-i-Carbonell A., Frijters P. How important is methodology for the estimates of the determinants of happiness? // Economic Journal. 2004. Vol. 114. N 497.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Розанов В.В. Цель человеческой жизни. М., 1994.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kachur N.V. Molodezhnoe vospriyatie schastya (po rezultatam sotsiologicheskogo oprosa) [The youth’s perception of happiness (based on the sociological survey)] // Izvestiya Saratovskogo universiteta. Seriya: Sotsiologiya. Politologiya [News of Saratov University. Series: Sociology. Political Science]. 2013. Vol. 13. Issue 3 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рыжкова Ю.А., Климашина Е.А. Международный индекс счастья как показатель благосостояния нации // Модели, системы, сети в экономике, технике, природе. 2011. № 3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kahneman D. Dumay medlenno… reshay bistro [Think Slowly… Decide Quickly]. M., 2014 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Селигман М.Э.П. Новая позитивная психология: научный взгляд на счастье и смысл жизни. М., 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kahneman D., Krueger A.B. Developments in the measurement of subjective well-being // Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2006. Vol. 20. N 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сен А. Идея справедливости / Науч. ред. В. Софронова, А. Смирнова. М., 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kahneman D., Slovik P., Tversky A. Prinyatie resheny v neopredelennosti [Decision Making in Uncertainty]. SPb., 2004 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смолева Е.О., Морев М.В. Удовлетворенность жизнью и уровень счастья: взгляд социолога. М., 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Killingsworth M.A., Gilbert D.T. A wandering mind is an unhappy mind // Science. 2010. Vol. 12. N 330.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Соколова М.В. Шкала субъективного благополучия. Ярославль, 1996.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Layard R. Schastye. Uroki novoy nauki [Happiness: Lessons from a New Science]. M., 2012 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сотов А. Кто в мире самый счастливый? // Российская газета. 2012.14.06.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leibniz G.V. Nachala prirody i blagodati, osnovannye na razume [Principles of nature and grace based on reason] // Sochineniya [Works]. Vol. 1. Moscow, 1982 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Татаркевич В. О счастье и совершенстве человека. М., 1981.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levit L.Z. Issledovanie osnovnykh ponyatiy pozitivnoy psikhologii s pomoshchyu metodov vyborki perezhivaniy (ESM) [Study of the basic concepts of positive psychology using sampling techniques experiences (ESM)] // Sovremennaya zarubezhnaya psikhologiya [Contemporary Foreign Psychology]. 2013. N 3 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чепурных М.Н. Индексы счастья: опыт Запада (социологический обзор). URL: http://www.teoria-practica.ru/-9-2012/sociology/chepurnykh.pdf (дата обращения: 26.12.2018).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mishlanova S.L., Suvorova M.V., Zhdanova S.Yu., Strokanov A.A. Verbalnaya i zhestovaya reprezentatsii naivnogo predstavleniya o schastye v ustnom narrative amerikanskikh studentov [Verbal and gestural representations of the naive idea of happiness in the oral narrative of American students] // Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Seriya: Rossiyskaya i zarubezhnaya filologiya [Bulletin of Perm University. Series: Russian and Foreign Philology]. 2014. Iss. 4 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чиксентмихайи М. Поток: психология оптимального переживания. М., 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Namlinskaya O.O. “Ekonomika schastya”: osobennosti opredeleniya i perspektivy razvitiya v usloviyakh modernizatsii [“Economics of Happiness”: Definition and prospects for the development under modernization] // Regionalnye problemy preobrazovany ekonomiki [Regional Problems of Economic Transformations]. 2014. N 4 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шматова Ю.Е., Морев М.В. Измерение уровня счастья: литературный обзор российских и зарубежных исследований // Экономические и социальные перемены: факты, тенденции, прогноз. 2015. № 3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osin E.N., Leontiev D.A. Aprobatsiya russkoyazychnykh versy dvukh shkal ekspress-otsenki subiektivnogo blagopoluchiya [Testing of the Russian-language versions of the two scales for the express-assessment of subjective well-being] // Materialy III Vserossiyskogo sotsiologicheskogo kongressa [Proceedings of the III All-Russian Sociological Congress]. M., 2008 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Эльстер Ю. Кислый виноград. Исследование провалов рациональности / Науч. ред. А. Морозова. М., 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodionova L.A. Metodologicheskie aspekty izmereniya i modelirovaniya urovnya schastya [Methodological aspects of measuring and modeling the level of happiness] // Voprosy statistiki [Statistics Issues]. 2012. N 6 (in Russian). Rozanov V.V. Tsel chelovecheskoy zhizni [The Purpose of Human Life]. Moscow, 1994 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ryzhkova Yu.A., Klimashina E.A. Mezhdunarodny indeks schastya kak pokazatel blagosostoyaniya natsii [International index of happiness as an indicator of the welfare of the nation] // Modeli, sistemy, seti v ekonomike, tekhnike, prirode [Models, Systems, Networks in the Economy, Technology, Nature]. 2011. N 3 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryzhkova Yu.A., Klimashina E.A. Mezhdunarodny indeks schastya kak pokazatel blagosostoyaniya natsii [International index of happiness as an indicator of the welfare of the nation] // Modeli, sistemy, seti v ekonomike, tekhnike, prirode [Models, Systems, Networks in the Economy, Technology, Nature]. 2011. N 3 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seligman M.E.P. Novaya pozitivnaya psikhologiya: Nauchnyy vzglyad na schastye i smysl zhizni [New Positive Psychology: A Scientific View of Happiness and Meaning of Life]. M., 2006 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seligman M.E.P. Novaya pozitivnaya psikhologiya: Nauchnyy vzglyad na schastye i smysl zhizni [New Positive Psychology: A Scientific View of Happiness and Meaning of Life]. M., 2006 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sen A. Ideya spravedlivosti [The Idea of Justice] / Per. s angl. D. Kralechkina; nauch. red. V. Sofronova, A. Smirnova. M., 2016 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sen A. Ideya spravedlivosti [The Idea of Justice] / Per. s angl. D. Kralechkina; nauch. red. V. Sofronova, A. Smirnova. M., 2016 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shmatova Yu.E., Morev M.V. Izmerenie urovnya schastya: literaturny obzor rossiyskikh i zarubezhnykh issledovany [Measuring the level of happiness: A review of Russian and foreign studies] // Ekonomicheskie i sotsialnye peremeny: fakty, tendentsii, prognoz [Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast]. 2015. N 3 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shmatova Yu.E., Morev M.V. Izmerenie urovnya schastya: literaturny obzor rossiyskikh i zarubezhnykh issledovany [Measuring the level of happiness: A review of Russian and foreign studies] // Ekonomicheskie i sotsialnye peremeny: fakty, tendentsii, prognoz [Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast]. 2015. N 3 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smoleva E.O., Morev M.V. Udovletvorennost zhiznyu i uroven schastya: vzglyad sotsiologa [Life Satisfaction and Level of Happiness: Sociological Approach]. M., 2016 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smoleva E.O., Morev M.V. Udovletvorennost zhiznyu i uroven schastya: vzglyad sotsiologa [Life Satisfaction and Level of Happiness: Sociological Approach]. M., 2016 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sokolova M.V. Shkala subiektivnogo blagopoluchiya [The Scale of Subjective Well-Being]. Yaroslavl, 1996 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sokolova M.V. Shkala subiektivnogo blagopoluchiya [The Scale of Subjective Well-Being]. Yaroslavl, 1996 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sotov A. Kto v mire samyy schastlivyy? [Who is the happiest in the world?] // Rossiyskaya gazeta [Russian Newspaper]. 2012.14.06 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sotov A. Kto v mire samyy schastlivyy? [Who is the happiest in the world?] // Rossiyskaya gazeta [Russian Newspaper]. 2012.14.06 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tatarkiewicz W. O schastye i sovershenstve cheloveka [On Happiness and Human Perfection] / Per. s polsk. L.V. Konovalovoy. M., 1981 (in Russsian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tatarkiewicz W. O schastye i sovershenstve cheloveka [On Happiness and Human Perfection] / Per. s polsk. L.V. Konovalovoy. M., 1981 (in Russsian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tov W., Diener E. Subjective well-being // Research Collection of School of Social Sciences. Paper 1395. URL: https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/soss_research/1395 (accessed: 10.11.2018).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tov W., Diener E. Subjective well-being // Research Collection of School of Social Sciences. Paper 1395. URL: https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/soss_research/1395 (accessed: 10.11.2018).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Veenhoven R. Hedonism and happiness // Journal of Happiness Studies. 2003. N 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veenhoven R. Hedonism and happiness // Journal of Happiness Studies. 2003. N 4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Veenhoven R. Questions on happiness: classical topics, modern answers, blind spots // Subjective Well-Being: An Interdisciplinary Perspective / Ed. by F. Strack, M. Argyle, N. Schwarz. Oxford, 1991.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veenhoven R. Questions on happiness: classical topics, modern answers, blind spots // Subjective Well-Being: An Interdisciplinary Perspective / Ed. by F. Strack, M. Argyle, N. Schwarz. Oxford, 1991.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Happiness Report 2018 // New York: Sustainable Development Solutions Network / Ed. by J. Helliwell, R. Layard R., J. Sachs. URL: https://worldhappiness.report/ed/2018 (accessed: 13.12.2018).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Happiness Report 2018 // New York: Sustainable Development Solutions Network / Ed. by J. Helliwell, R. Layard R., J. Sachs. URL: https://worldhappiness.report/ed/2018 (accessed: 13.12.2018).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhdanova S.Yu., Pecherkina A.V., Strokanov A.A. Struktura reprezentatsii sostoyaniya schastya u predstaviteley rossiyskoy i amerikanskoy kultur [The structure of the representation of happiness in the Russian and American cultures] // Obrazovanie i nauka [Education and Science]. 2017. Vol. 19. N 7 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhdanova S.Yu., Pecherkina A.V., Strokanov A.A. Struktura reprezentatsii sostoyaniya schastya u predstaviteley rossiyskoy i amerikanskoy kultur [The structure of the representation of happiness in the Russian and American cultures] // Obrazovanie i nauka [Education and Science]. 2017. Vol. 19. N 7 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhuravlev A.L. Schastye kak nauchnaya kategoriya [Happiness as a scientific category] // Vestnik RAN [Bulletin of RAS]. 2014. Vol. 84. N 8 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhuravlev A.L. Schastye kak nauchnaya kategoriya [Happiness as a scientific category] // Vestnik RAN [Bulletin of RAS]. 2014. Vol. 84. N 8 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
