<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sociolpolitol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского университета. Серия 18. Социология и политология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1029-3736</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8769</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House of Lomonosov Moscow State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24290/1029-3736-2020-26-2-203-213</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sociolpolitol-703</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОВРЕМЕННАЯ КИТАЙСКАЯ СОЦИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CONTEMPORARY CHINESE SOCIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Социально-экономически факторы, влияющие на развитие “общества средней зажиточности” (сяокан) в Китае</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Socio-economic factors influencing the development of “society of medium wellness” (Xiaoqang) in China</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лян</surname><given-names>Цзянь</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Liang</surname><given-names>Jian</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лян Цзянь, асп. кафедры современной социологии социологического факультета </p><p>Ленинские горы, 1, стр. 33, Москва, 119234 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liang Jian, Postgraduate Student, Department of Modern Sociology, Faculty of Sociology</p><p>Leninskiye Gory, 1-33, Moscow, 119234</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">LiangJian@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>203</fpage><lpage>213</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лян Ц., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лян Ц.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Liang J.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.socio.msu.ru/jour/article/view/703">https://vestnik.socio.msu.ru/jour/article/view/703</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье продолжено рассмотрение широко распространенного в Китае представления о сяокан, модели идеального общества. Сяокан можно перевести на русский как “общество малого достатка”, “общество средней зажиточности”. В конце 1970-х гг. Китай начал проводить политику реформ и открытости внешнему миру, после чего Дэн Сяопин использовал понятие “сяокан” в качествехарактеристикикитайскоймоделимодернизации.Сяокансталцелью, достижение которой Китай должен был обеспечить к концу XX в. В течение многих лет партийное руководство, политики и исследователи Китая обсуждали класс в марксистско-ленинских терминах: “рабочие”, “крестьяне” и “интеллигенция”. Коммунистическая партия Китая (КПК) не признавала никакой социальной, экономической или политической роли среднего класса, а конечной целью социального развития было создание “бесклассового общества”. Однако в эпоху реформ взгляды на классы начали эволюционировать, и на XVI съезде Коммунистической партии Китая в 2002 г. Цзян Цзэминь провозгласил цель “контролировать рост верхнего слоя общества, расширять средний слой и сокращать нижний”. После этого КПК начала развивать поддерживаемый государством дискурс о “гармоничном среднем классе”. Новая цель состояла в том, чтобы создать общество среднего класса, в котором основная масса населения была бы “экономически удовлетворенной”, “общество средней зажиточности”, сяокан, и это общество было бы гармоничным.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article continues the consideration of the widespread in China notion of xiaoqang, the model of an ideal society. Xiaoqang can be translated into Russian as “a society of low income”, “a society of average prosperity”. In the late 1970s. China began to pursue a policy of reform and openness to the outside world, after which Deng Xiaoping used the concept of “xiaoqang” as a characteristic of the Chinese model of modernization. Xiaoqang became the goal that China was supposed to achieve by the end of the 20th century.</p><p>For years, party leaders, politicians, and Chinese scholars have discussed class in Marxist-Leninist terms: “workers”, “peasants”, and “intellectuals”. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) did not recognize any social, economic or political role for the middle class, and the ultimate goal of social development was to create a “classless society”. However, during the reform era, views of classes began to evolve, and at the 16th Congress of the Chinese Communist Party in 2002, Jiang Zemin proclaimed the goal of “controlling the growth of the upper strata of society, expanding the middle strata and shrinking the bottom”. Thereafter, the CCP began to develop a state-sponsored discourse about the “harmonious middle class”. The new goal was to create a middle-class society in which the bulk of the population would be “economically satisfied,” a “middle-class society”, xiaoqang, and this society would be harmonious.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>Коммунистическая партия Китая</kwd><kwd>XVI съезд КПК</kwd><kwd>сяокан</kwd><kwd>“общество средней зажиточности”</kwd><kwd>понятие “средний класс”</kwd><kwd>китайский средний класс</kwd><kwd>внутреннее потребление</kwd><kwd>экономические и социальные реформы в Китае</kwd><kwd>сбалансированное развитие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>the Chinese Communist Party</kwd><kwd>the 16th CPC Congress</kwd><kwd>xiaoqang</kwd><kwd>“middle class society”</kwd><kwd>the concept of “middle class”</kwd><kwd>the Chinese middle class</kwd><kwd>domestic consumption</kwd><kwd>economic and social reforms in China</kwd><kwd>balanced development</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anderson G., Farcomeni A., Pittau M.G., Zelli R. A new approach to measuring and studying the characteristics of class membership: examining poverty, inequality and polarization in urban China // Journal of Econometrics. 2016. Vol. 191. P. 348–359.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anderson G., Farcomeni A., Pittau M.G., Zelli R. A new approach to measuring and studying the characteristics of class membership: examining poverty, inequality and polarization in urban China // Journal of Econometrics. 2016. Vol. 191. P. 348–359.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chinese Text Project. URL: http://ctext.org/liji/li-yun (accessed: 28.10.2019).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chinese Text Project. URL: http://ctext.org/liji/li-yun (accessed: 28.10.2019).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chio J. A landscape of travel. Qe work of tourism in rural ethnic China. Seattle; L., 2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chio J. A landscape of travel. Qe work of tourism in rural ethnic China. Seattle; L., 2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chun N., Hasan R., Rahman M.H., Ulubasoglu M. Qe role of middle class in democratic diRusion // International Review of Economics and Finance. 2016. Vol. 42. P. 536–548.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chun N., Hasan R., Rahman M.H., Ulubasoglu M. Qe role of middle class in democratic diRusion // International Review of Economics and Finance. 2016. Vol. 42. P. 536–548.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goodman D. Class in contemporary China. Cambridge, 2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goodman D. Class in contemporary China. Cambridge, 2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gornick J., Jantti M. Income inequality. Economic disparities and the middle class in aiuent countries. Stanford, 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gornick J., Jantti M. Income inequality. Economic disparities and the middle class in aiuent countries. Stanford, 2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Cheng. Chinese scholarships on the middle class: f</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Cheng. Chinese scholarships on the middle class: f</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
