sociolpolitolВестник Московского университета. Серия 18. Социология и политологияMoscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science1029-37362541-8769Publishing House of Lomonosov Moscow State University10.24290/1029-3736-2020-26-2-226-238sociolpolitol-705Research ArticleСОВРЕМЕННАЯ КИТАЙСКАЯ СОЦИОЛОГИЯCONTEMPORARY CHINESE SOCIOLOGYПути и формы совершенствования миграции крестьян в города в КитаеWays and forms of improving the migration of peasant to cities in ChinaВанЛилиVanLili

Ван Лили, асп. кафедры современной социологии социологического факультета

Ленинские горы, 1, стр. 33, Москва, 119234

Van Lili, Postgraduate Student, Department of Modern Sociology, Faculty of Sociology

Leninskiye Gory, 1-33, Moscow, 119234

vanlili@gmail.comМГУ имени М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияLomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation202013092020262226238Copyright © Ван Л., 20202020Ван Л.Van L.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.socio.msu.ru/jour/article/view/705

Внутренняя миграция часто отличается от международной миграции представлениями граждан о свободной мобильности внутри территории. Однако внутренние мигранты могут по-прежнему сталкиваться со значительными препятствиями на пути интеграции в городскую среду в силу институциональных структур, существующих в странах. Система хукоу, изначально задуманная как средство предотвращения потенциального перехода сельских жителей в города в “маоистскую эру”, создала пропасть между сельскими и городскими районами и ограничила доступ к социальному обеспечению в регионе, где граждане официально зарегистрированы. В настоящей статье рассматривается жесткая система хукоу, устаревшая для нынешнего социального контекста в Китае, поскольку она уже не может остановить миграцию людей из сельских районов в города и лишь способствует усилению неравенства между сельскими мигрантами и принимающим их городским населением, подчеркивая при этом различия в социальном статусе и дискриминацию в отношении мигрантов из сельских районов. Кроме того, в настоящей статье освещаются основные препятствия на пути ослабления ограничений на основе хукоу и приводятся некоторые рекомендации в отношении политики, которые могут оказаться полезными для создания более инклюзивного общества.

Internal migration often differs from international migration in terms of citizens’ ideas about free mobility within the territory. However, domestic migrants may still face significant obstacles to integration due to institutional structures in countries. The Hukou system, originally conceived as a means of preventing the potential transition of rural residents to urban masses during the Maoist era, created a clear divide between rural and urban areas and limited access to social security in the region where citizens are legally registered. This article examines the rigid Hukou system, which is outdated in the current Chinese social context, as it can no longer stop migration from rural areas to cities and only contributes to increasing inequality between rural migrants and their host urban populations, while highlighting differences in social status and discrimination against migrants from rural to urban areas. In addition, this article highlights the main obstacles to easing Hukou-based constraints and provides some policy recommendations that can be helpful in building a more inclusive society.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.