sociolpolitolВестник Московского университета. Серия 18. Социология и политологияMoscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science1029-37362541-8769Publishing House of Lomonosov Moscow State University10.24290/1029-3736-2020-26-4-142-160sociolpolitol-765Research ArticleСОЦИОЛОГИЯ ДЕВИАНТНОСТИSOCIOLOGY OF DEVIANCEК проблеме чрезмерного потребления алкоголя в российских семьяхTo the problem of excessive alcohol consumption in Russian familiesНовоселоваЕ. Н.NovoselovaE. N.

Новоселова Елена Николаевна - кандидат социологических наук, доцент, доцент, заместитель заведующего кафедрой социологии семьи и демографии по научной работе социологического факультетам.Ленинские горы, МГУ, д. 1. стр. 33, Москва, 119234.

Novoselova Elena N. - PhD in sociology, Associate Professor of the Department of the Family and Demography, Faculty of sociology, Lomonosov Moscow State University.Leninsky Gory, 1-33, Moscow, 119234.

alena_n_@mail.ruМГУ имени М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияLomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation202031122020264142160Copyright © Новоселова Е.Н., 20202020Новоселова Е.Н.Novoselova E.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.socio.msu.ru/jour/article/view/765

Статья посвящена анализу актуальной на сегодняшний день проблемы алкоголизма в российских семьях. Автор дает краткий экскурс в историю потребления алкоголя, развеивает миф о том, что русский народ на протяжении всего своего существования не знал меры в потреблении алкогольных напитков. В работе, с опорой на новейшие статистические данные, продемонстрировано, что несмотря на наметившиеся позитивные тренды в данной сфере уровень потребления алкоголя (особенно крепкого) в нашей стране еще очень высок и существенно превышает обозначенную экспертами ВОЗ условно безопасную норму. Это крайне негативно влияет на продолжительность жизни населения России, а особенно мужчин трудоспособного возраста. Однако, если ранее алкоголизм был преимущественно мужским, то сегодня данный вид аддикции становится гендерно-нейтральным. Женщины пьют наравне с мужчинами, что ведет к росту смертности от причин, связанных с алкоголем.Особое внимание в статье уделяется проблемам семей, столкнувшихся в проблемой пьянства одного или нескольких своих членов. Подчеркивается, что наиболее уязвимыми в данной ситуации оказываются дети, которые в силу зависимости от взрослых не в состоянии изменить ситуацию и вынуждены жить в условиях постоянных конфликтов, стресса и жестокого обращения. Автор отмечает, что насилие, которому в алкогольных семьях подвергаются не только дети, но и другие члены семьи, явление далеко не редкое и крайне опасное.В работе затронут вопрос влияния алкоголизма взрослых членов семьи на здоровье детей. Дети зависимых родителей нередко рождаются больными и отстают в физическом и психическом развитии. Далее это усугубляется воспитанием в атмосфере пьянства, которое приводит к тому, что подрастающее поколение воспринимает чрезмерное употребление алкоголя как норму, перенимает привычки родителей и также становится зависимым. Дети пьющих родителей также переживают множество сложности личностного и межличностного характера и склонны к аутоагрессивному поведению, нередко суицидального характера.В завершении работы автор касается проблемы социального сиротства, возникающего из-за злоупотребления родителями алкоголем, а также его последствий.Эмпирической базой работы являются данные Всемирной организации здравоохранения (ВОЗ), Министерства здравоохранения РФ, Федеральной службы государственной статистики, Фонда общественное мнение и Всероссийского центра изучения общественного мнения.Статья будет интересна специалистам в области социологии семьи и здоровья, профилактики аддиктивного поведения, реабилитации лиц с зависимостями и студентам соответствующих специальностей.

The article is devoted to the analysis of alcoholism in Russian families. The author gives a brief excurse into the history of alcohol consumption, dispels the myth that the Russian people never controlled consumption of alcoholic beverages. The work, relying on the latest statistics, demonstrated that despite the emerging positive trends in this area, the level of alcohol consumption (especially strong alcohol) in Russia is still very high and significantly exceeds the conditionally safe norm indicated by the WHO experts. It negatively affects the life expectancy of the Russian population, especially among men of working age. However, if previously alcoholism was predominantly masculine, today this type of addiction is becoming gender-neutral and women drink on a par with men, which will inevitably lead to an increase in mortality from alcohol-related causes among them.Particular attention is paid to the problems of families facing the problem of alcoholism among one or several of their members. It is emphasized that children are the most vulnerable in this situation because of their dependence on adults — they are not able to change the situation and are forced to live in constant conflict, stress and ill-treatment. The author notes that the violence to which not only children, but also other family members are subjected to in alcoholic families, is far from rare and extremely dangerous.The paper addresses the issue of the influence of alcoholism of adult family members on children's health. Children of dependent parents are often born sick and lag behind in physical and mental development. This is further aggravated by upbringing in an atmosphere of alcoholism, which leads to the fact that the younger generation perceives excessive alcohol consumption as the norm, adopts the habits of parents and also become dependent. Children of drinking parents also experience many complexities of a personal and interpersonal nature and are prone to auto-aggressive behavior.In conclusion, the author addresses the problem of social orphanhood arising from alcohol abuse by parents, as well as its consequences.The empirical part of the work is based on data from the World Health Organization, the Federal State Statistics Service, the Public Opinion Foundation and the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion.The article will be of interest to specialists in the field of sociology of family and health, prevention of addictive behavior, rehabilitation of people with addictions, and students of relevant specialties.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.