<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sociolpolitol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского университета. Серия 18. Социология и политология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1029-3736</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8769</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House of Lomonosov Moscow State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24290/1029-3736-2021-27-2-44-63</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sociolpolitol-847</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЛОБАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ: ИСТОРИЯ И СОВРЕМЕННОСТЬ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Диалектика развития движения за права чернокожих в США в 60-е XX в. На примере выдающихся его представителей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dialectics of the development of the Black rights movement in the United States in the 60s of the XX century on the example of its outstanding representatives</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шумаков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shumakov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шумаков Андрей Андреевич, канд. ист. наук, доц. кафедры гуманитарных дисциплин Тульского филиала</p><p>просп. Ленина, д. 53, г. Тула, Российская Федерация, 300000 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shumakov Andrey A., candidate of historical sciences, associate professor of the Department of Humanities of the Tula branch</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">takamori@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский экономический университет имени Г.В. Плеханова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шумаков А.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шумаков А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shumakov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.socio.msu.ru/jour/article/view/847">https://vestnik.socio.msu.ru/jour/article/view/847</self-uri><abstract><p>В данной работе рассматриваются и подробно исследуются ключевые теоретические аспекты и ведущие идейно-политические направления Движения за права чернокожих США в 1960-е гг. В качестве основных источников автор использует работы и речи его самых известных представителей, таких как: Мартин Лютер Кинг, Малькольм Икс, Стокли Кармайкл, Хьюи Перси Ньютон, Роберт Сил, Элдридж Кливер, выделяя основные направления и доминирующие тенденции. В качестве основного метода исследования предлагается материалистическая диалектика. Это дает возможность рассмотрения процесса становления Движения за права афроамериканцев непосредственно в развитии. Автор не только проводит сравнительный анализ различных течений и идейнополитические воззрений наиболее выдающихся представителей указанного движения, но и делает это в динамике, объясняя природу и механизм происходящих качественных изменений с помощью законов материалистической диалектики. В частности, на смену противостоящих друг другу классических концепций интеграционизма и черного национализма, лежащих в основе определения пресловутой амбивалентности афроамериканского сознания, во второй половине 1960-х гг. приходят революционный черный национализм и революционный социализм, отрицающие два предыдущих и одновременно тесно связанные с ними. В качестве вывода предлагается концепция понимания качественных трансформаций Движения за права чернокожих в США, а также проводятся параллели с сегодняшним подъемом социально-расового движения, происходящих в рамках все того же дискурсивного поля, окончательно сформировавшегося именно в 1960-е гг. и продолжающего доминировать среди протестно-настроенной части афроамериканского населения и по сей день. Это дает автору возможность сделать прогноз по дальнейшему развитию ситуации в США и сценарий развития Движения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper examines and explores in detail the key theoretical aspects and leading ideological and political trends of The black rights movement in the United States in the 1960s. As the main sources, the author uses the works and speeches of its most famous representatives, such as: Martin Luther king, Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael, Huey Percy Newton, Robert Seal, Eldridge cleaver, highlighting the main trends and dominant trends. Materialistic dialectics is suggested as the main research method. This makes it possible to consider the process of formation of the Movement for the rights of african americans directly in development. The author not only conducts a comparative analysis of various trends and ideological and political views of the most prominent representatives of this movement, but also does it in dynamics, explaining the nature and mechanism of qualitative changes taking place using the laws of materialistic dialectics. In particular, the opposing classical concepts of integrationism and black nationalism, which underlie the definition of the notorious ambivalence of african-american consciousness, were replaced in the second half of the 1960s by revolutionary black nationalism and revolutionary socialism, which negate the previous two and are simultaneously closely related to them. As a conclusion, the concept of understanding the qualitative transformations of The black rights Movement in the United States is proposed, and parallels are drawn with the current rise of the socio-racial movement, taking place within the same discursive Reld, which was finally formed in the 1960s and continues to dominate the protest-minded part of the african-american population to this day. This gives the author the opportunity to make a forecast for the future development of the situation in the United States and the scenario of the Movement.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Движение за права чернокожих</kwd><kwd>Движение за гражданские права</kwd><kwd>материалистическая диалектика</kwd><kwd>интеграционизм</kwd><kwd>черный национализм</kwd><kwd>Мартин Лютер Кинг</kwd><kwd>Малькольм Икс</kwd><kwd>Партия “Черная пантера”</kwd><kwd>Стокли Кармайкл</kwd><kwd>Хьюи Перси Ньютон</kwd><kwd>Роберт Сил</kwd><kwd>Элдридж Кливер</kwd><kwd>Джордж Флойд</kwd><kwd>Black Lives Matter</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Black rights movement</kwd><kwd>Civil rights Movement</kwd><kwd>materialist dialectics</kwd><kwd>integrationism</kwd><kwd>black nationalism</kwd><kwd>Martin Luther King Jr.</kwd><kwd>Malcolm X</kwd><kwd>Black Panther Party</kwd><kwd>Stokely Carmichael</kwd><kwd>Huey Percy Newton</kwd><kwd>Robert George Seale</kwd><kwd>Leroy Eldridge Cleaver</kwd><kwd>George Perry Floyd Jr.</kwd><kwd>Black Lives Matter</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ньютон Х.П. Революционное самоубийство. М., 2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bloom J., Martin W.E. Black against Empire. [e history and politics of the Black Panther Party. Berkeley; Los Angeles; L., 2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шумаков А.А. Проблема появления “черного национализма” в США // Приднепровский научный вестник. 2020. Т. 3. № 8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carmichael S. Stokely speaks: black power back to Pan-Africanism. Chicago, 2007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carmichael S. What we want // [e New York Review of Books. 1966. 22 Sept. Vol. 7. P. 5–6, 8. URL: https://web.mit.edu/21h.102/www/Primary source collections/Civil Rights/Carmichael.htm (accessed: 05.11.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carmichael S. What we want // [e New York Review of Books. 1966. 22 Sept. Vol. 7. P. 5–6, 8. URL: https://web.mit.edu/21h.102/www/Primary source collections/Civil Rights/Carmichael.htm (accessed: 05.11.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carmichael S., Qelwell M. Ready for revolution: the life and struggles of Stokely Carmichael (Kwame Ture). N.Y., 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carmichael S., Qelwell M. Ready for revolution: the life and struggles of Stokely Carmichael (Kwame Ture). N.Y., 2005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cone J.H. Martin &amp; Malcolm &amp; America: a dream or a nightmare. N.Y., 1991.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cone J.H. Martin &amp; Malcolm &amp; America: a dream or a nightmare. N.Y., 1991.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">King М.L. [e autobiography of Martin Luther King Jr. / Ed. by C. Carson. N.Y., 1998.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">King М.L. [e autobiography of Martin Luther King Jr. / Ed. by C. Carson. N.Y., 1998.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">King М.L. Stride toward freedom: the Montgomery story (King legacy). Boston, 2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">King М.L. Stride toward freedom: the Montgomery story (King legacy). Boston, 2010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">King M.L. Where do we go from here: chaos or community? (King legacy). Boston, 2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">King M.L. Where do we go from here: chaos or community? (King legacy). Boston, 2010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">King М.L. Why we can’t wait (King legacy). Boston, 2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">King М.L. Why we can’t wait (King legacy). Boston, 2010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malcolm X. Malcolm X speaks: selected speeches and statements / Ed. by G. Breitman. N.Y., 1990.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malcolm X. Malcolm X speaks: selected speeches and statements / Ed. by G. Breitman. N.Y., 1990.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malcolm X. [e end of white world supremacy: four speeches by Malcolm X / Ed. by B. Karim. N.Y., 2001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malcolm X. [e end of white world supremacy: four speeches by Malcolm X / Ed. by B. Karim. N.Y., 2001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Millies S. Socialism and dignity: a job is a right! URL: https://www.struggle-lalucha.org/2020/06/30/socialism-and-dignity-a-job-is-a-right/ (accessed: 05.11.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Millies S. Socialism and dignity: a job is a right! URL: https://www.struggle-lalucha.org/2020/06/30/socialism-and-dignity-a-job-is-a-right/ (accessed: 05.11.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">N’juton H. Revoljucionnoe samoubijstvo [Revolutionary suicide]. M., 2003 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">N’juton H. Revoljucionnoe samoubijstvo [Revolutionary suicide]. M., 2003 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Newton H.P. To die for the people. N.Y., 1972.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Newton H.P. To die for the people. N.Y., 1972.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niemuth N. Social class, capitalism and the murder of George Floyd. URL: https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2020/06/11/pers-j11.html (accessed: 05.11.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niemuth N. Social class, capitalism and the murder of George Floyd. URL: https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2020/06/11/pers-j11.html (accessed: 05.11.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seale R. Seize the time: the story of the Black Panther Party and Huey P. Newton. Baltimore, 1991.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seale R. Seize the time: the story of the Black Panther Party and Huey P. Newton. Baltimore, 1991.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shumakov A.A. Problema pojavlenija “chernogo nacionalizma” v SShA [[e problem of the emergence of “black nationalism” in the United States] // Pridneprovskij nauchnyj vestnik. 2020. T. 3. N 8 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shumakov A.A. Problema pojavlenija “chernogo nacionalizma” v SShA [[e problem of the emergence of “black nationalism” in the United States] // Pridneprovskij nauchnyj vestnik. 2020. T. 3. N 8 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sweeney C. Leader of radical black-only militia NFAC ‘believes in violence’ &amp; wants a real-life Wakanda for every black person in America. URL: https://www.rt.com/usa/495109-nfac-black-militia-blm/ (accessed: 05.11.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sweeney C. Leader of radical black-only militia NFAC ‘believes in violence’ &amp; wants a real-life Wakanda for every black person in America. URL: https://www.rt.com/usa/495109-nfac-black-militia-blm/ (accessed: 05.11.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ture K., Hamilton C. Black power: the politics of liberation. N.Y., 1992.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ture K., Hamilton C. Black power: the politics of liberation. N.Y., 1992.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">What we believe. URL: https://blacklivesmatter.com/what-we-believe/ (accessed: 05.11.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">What we believe. URL: https://blacklivesmatter.com/what-we-believe/ (accessed: 05.11.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
