Social technologies in the era of “supervisory capitalism”: digitalization and the power of algorithms
https://doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2023-29-3-145-165
- Р Р‡.МессенРТвЂВВВВВВВВжер
- РћРТвЂВВВВВВВВнокласснРСвЂВВВВВВВВРєРСвЂВВВВВВВВ
- LiveJournal
- Telegram
- ВКонтакте
- РЎРєРѕРїРСвЂВВВВВВВВровать ссылку
Full Text:
Abstract
“Surveillance capitalism” is not yet a sustainable term used in the social sciences, although there has long been scientific debate about the basic technologies of this economic order- digital information and communication technologies, algorithms, data, artificial intelligence, neural networks, the Internet of things, etc. At the time, Google had revolutionized the field of predictive analysis and promoted “surveillance capitalism”. The company began to pay special attention to extracting and analyzing data in translation operations, speech recognition, image processing, ranking, etc. Google began to turn data (raw materials) into intelligent products – algorithms designed to predict user behavior. These predictive products have been used for sale to other organizations that are increasing their profits by improving their predictive marketing capabilities. Smart machines are no longer just learning to know a man his behavior, they are trying to push him into making certain decisions, into programmed behavioral responses to some stimulus, which leads to an increase in the earnings of “supervising capitalists” (and, above all, the income of owners of digital platforms). That is, by automating various processes, machines set the human behavior that leads to the emergence of a new type of power – the “instrumental” power (automation of life of individuals by means of universal implementation of “smart” network devices, formation of “smart” space, “smart” houses). Algorithms penetrate into a variety of spheres, on the basis of algorithms management decisions are made and modern cities function. However, questions inevitably arise about the social consequences of widespread algorithmization and digitalization, the security of data storage, the limits of digitizing the social world.
About the Author
O. V. GavrilenkoRussian Federation
Gavrilenko Olga V., Doctor of Sociology, Associate Professor, Head of Social Technologies department, Faculty of sociology
Moscow
References
1. Fuko M. Nadzirat’ i nakazyvat’: rozhdenie tjur’my [Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison]. M., 1999 (in Russian).
2. Gavrilenko O.V. “Bol’shoj Brat sledit za toboj…”: jeticheskie aspekty ispol’zovanija i hranenija dannyh v cifrovom gorode [“Big Brother sees You...”: The Ethical Aspects of Using and Storing Data in a Digital City] // Transformacija jeticheskoj matricy v cifrovuju jepohu. Materialy nauchnoj onlajn konferencii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem / Red. A.K. Mamedov, I.N. Chudnovskaja. M., 2022. S. 48-56 (in Russian)
3. Gavrilenko O.V. Cifrovye tehnologii social’nogo kontrolja: perspektivy i social’nye posledstvija ih vnedrenija [Digital technologies of social control: prospects and social consequences of their implementation] // Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Serija 18. Sociologija i politologija. 2022. T. 28. N 1. S. 145-163. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2022-28-1-145-163 (in Russian).
4. Grinfild A. Radikal’nye tehnologii: ustrojstvo povsednevnoj zhizni [Radical Technologies: The Design of Everyday Life]. M., 2018 (in Russian).
5. Kitchin R. Setevoj urbanizm, osnovannyj na dannyh [Data-driven, Networked Urbanism] // Seti goroda: Ljudi. Tehnologii. Vlasti. M., 2021. S. 58-80 (in Russian).
6. Kitchin R., Dodzh M. (Ne)bezopasnost’ umnyh gorodov: problemy, riski, a takzhe smjagchenie i preduprezhdenie negativnyh posledstvij [The (In)security of Smart Cities: Vulnerabilities, Risks, Mitigation and Prevention] // Seti goroda: Ljudi. Tehnologii. Vlasti. M., 2021. S. 105-130 (in Russian).
7. Markeeva A.V., Gavrilenko O.V. Cifrovaja platforma kak novyj jekonomicheskij aktor i novaja instancija social’nogo kontrolja [Digital platform as a new economic actor and new instance of social control] // Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Serija 7. Filosofija. 2019. N 5. S. 29-48 (in Russian).
8. Markeeva A.V., Gavrilenko O.V. Bol’shie dannye kak issledovatel’skaja tehnologija: vozmozhnosti i ogranichenija primenenija v sovremennoj upravlencheskoj praktike [Big Data as a research technology: possibilities and limitations of its application in contemporary managerial practices] // Obshhestvo: sociologija, psihologija, pedagogika. 2021. N 12. S. 94-103 (in Russian).
9. Martynenko T.S., Dobrinskaja D.E. Social’noe neravenstvo v jepohu iskusstvennogo intellekta: ot cifrovogo k algoritmicheskomu razryvu [Social inequality in the age of algorithms: from digital to algorithmic] // Monitoring obshhestvennogo mnenija: jekonomicheskie i social’nye peremeny. 2021. N 1. S. 171-192 (in Russian).
10. Nestik T.A. Obraz budushhego, social’nyj optimizm i dolgosrochnaja orientacija rossijan: social’no-psihologicheskij analiz [Vision of the future, social optimism and long-term orientation of Russians: socio-psychological analysis] // Sociodigger. 2021. Oktjabr’-nojabr’. T. 2. Vyp. 9 (14): Gorizonty budushhego. S. 6-48. (in Russian).
11. Osipova N.G. Cifrovizacija social’noj real’nosti: kljuchevye diskussii [Digitalization of social reality: key discussions] // Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Serija 18. Sociologija i politologija. 2022. T. 28. N 3. S. 9-42. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2022-28-3-9-42 (in Russian).
12. Osipova N.G. Social’noe neravenstvo v sovremennom mire [Social inequality in the modern world] // Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Serija 18. Sociologija i politologija. 2019. T. 25. N 4. S. 124-153. https://doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2019-25-4-124-153 (in Russian).
13. Pentlend A. Social’naja fizika. Kak Bol’shie dannye pomogajut sledit’ za nami i otbirajut u nas chastnuju zhizn’ [Social Physics. How Good Ideas Spread - The Lessons from a New Science]. M., 2018 (in Russian).
14. Shamaju G. Teorija drona [Theory of drone]. M., 2020 (in Russian).
15. Stark D., Pais I. Algoritmicheskoe upravlenie v jekonomike platform [Algorithmic Management in the Platform Economy] // Jekonomicheskaja sociologija. Vol. 22. N 3. P. 71-103. https://doi.org/10.17323/1726-3247-2021-3-71-103 (in Russian).
16. Van Dijck J. Datafication, dataism and dataveillance: Big Data between scientific paradigm and ideology // Surveillance & Society. 2014. Vol. 12 (2). P. 197-208. https://doi.org/doi.org/doi.org/10.24908/ss.v12i2.4776.
17. Zaporozhec O., Lapina-Kratasjuk E. Setevoj/cifrovoj/umnyj gorod: fasady i zadvorki [Networked/Digital/Smart city: Frontispieces and Backyards] // Seti goroda: Ljudi. Tehnologii. Vlasti. M., 2021. S. 10-54 (in Russian).
18. Zuboff Sh. Jepoha nadzornogo kapitalizma. Bitva za chelovecheskoe budushhee na novyh rubezhah vlasti [The Age of Surveillance Capitalism. The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power]. M., 2022 (in Russian).
Review
For citations:
Gavrilenko O.V. Social technologies in the era of “supervisory capitalism”: digitalization and the power of algorithms. Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science. 2023;29(3):145-165. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2023-29-3-145-165
ISSN 2541-8769 (Online)