MOTIVATION OF PUBLIC OFFICIALS AS A MANAGERIAL PROBLEM

Is there a specific incentive system in the public service? On this question Russian and foreign experts do not give a clear answer. Author systematizes the results of numerous comparative studies of employees’ motivation in public and private organizations. Innovative approaches to motivation most often arise in the commercial sector, and not all of them are usable in the public service. Motivation of civil servants in Russia and abroad has remained relatively stable. Meantime, several non-financial incentives and, above all, the career play a special role here. Comparative analyze of the motivation in state and private organizations enables to identify common and special needs, which are relevant to employees in the both sectors. Studies of this kind were conducted repeatedly and often pushed the researchers to the new discussions and consequently to the new discoveries in the human resource management. The results of these studies can be used in the further developing of concepts such as New Public Management. The relevance of such studies increases with the de-bureaucratization of social relations, the desire to create “service” state. Since these processes inevitably involve commercial entities or products of their activity, first of all, management innovations, there is an urgent need to create conditions for productive cooperation between the public and private sectors. The author stresses the importance of a responsible approach to the creation of a favorable environment for the exchange of experiences and social technologies between public and private organizations, including the transformation of the motivation system in the public sector. The changes must make state and more flexible and dynamic and, at the same time, not violate their essence and socially important purposes. A convenient, but controversial source for borrowing effective motivation tools and technologies is the experience of developed countries, which, despite the existing differences in the organization of activities of state services, successfully develop the exchange of innovations between public and private sectors of economy.

motivation, state organization, civil service, private sector, financial incentives, career, management, innovation

1. Ailend D., Aleksandrova A.B., Alekseev V.N. i dr. Novye tekhnologii gosudarstvennogo upravleniya v zerkale kanadskogo i rossiiskogo opyta [New technologies of public administration in the mirror of the Canadian and Russian experience] / Pod red. A.M. Margolina, P. Dutkevicha [Ed. by A.M. Margolin, P. Dutkevich]. M., 2013 (in Russian).

2. Barkov S.A. Organizatsiya i rynok: protivoborstvo ili soglasie [Organization and market: confrontation or agreement]. M., 2008 (in Russian).

3. Buelens M., Broeck H. Van den. An analysis of differences in work motivation between public and private sector organizations // Public Administration Review. 2007. Vol. 67. N 1.

4. Cohen S., Eimicke W. The new effective public manager: achieving success in a changing government. San Francisco, 1995.

5. Crewson P.E. The public service ethic. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Washington, 1995.

6. Deputat: otstavka kaliningradskogo vitse-prem’era – urok dlya prishedshikh vo vlast’ iz biznesa [Deputy: the resignation of the Kaliningrad vice-premier is a lesson for those who came to power from business]. 2013.27.02. URL: http:// www.regnum.ru/news/1630460.html#ixzz2twKAAVPG (in Russian).

7. Dolgopolov O.I. Problemy tekuchesti kadrov na gosudarstvennoi sluzhbe [Problems of staff turnover in the civil service] // Zakonodatel’stvo i ekonomika [Legislation and economics]. 2008. N 7 (in Russian).

8. Downs A. Inside bureaucracy. N.Y., 1967.

9. Durant R.F., Kramer R., Perry J.L., Mesch D. Motivating employees in a new governance era: the performance paradigm revisited // Public Administration Review. 2006. Vol. 66. N 4.

10. Egorov V. Chinovnik – eto sotsial’no-otvetstvennyi professional, kotoryi sluzhit natsional’nym interesam [An official is a socially responsible professional who serves the national interests] // Chelovek i trud [Man and Labor]. 2001. N 3. URL:http://www.chelt.ru/2001/3-01/gosslugba (in Russian).

11. Federal’nyi zakon ot 27.07.2004 N 79-FZ “O gosudarstvennoi grazhdanskoi sluzhbe” [Federal Law of 27.07.2004 N 79-FZ “On State Civil Service”]. URL: https://rg.ru/2004/07/31/gossluzhba-dok.html (in Russian).

12. Gaman-Golutvina O.V., Smorgunov L.V., Solov’ev A.I., Turovskii R.F. Effektivnost’ gosudarstvennogo upravleniya v Rossiiskoi Federatsii v 2008 godu [Effectiveness of public administration in the Russian Federation in 2008]. URL: http://www.inop.ru/files/Chapter2.pdf (in Russian).

13. Grinenko T.G. Dolzhnostnaya i professional’naya kar’era gosudarstvennykh sluzhashchikh [Official and professional career of civil servants]. URL: http:// refdb.ru/look/1682009-pall.html (in Russian).

14. Hartman R., Weber A. The rewards of public service. Washington, 1980.

15. Hart-Davis L. de, Marlowe J. Gender dimensions of public service motivation // Public Administration Review. 2006. N 66 (6).

16. Jurkiewicz C.L., Massey T.K.Jr., Brown R.G. Motivation in public and private organizations: a comparative study // Public Productivity & Management Review. 1998. Vol. 21. N 3. P. 230–250.

17. Khojasteh M. Motivating the private vs. public sector managers // Public Personnel Management. 1993. N 3.

18. Klimenko A. Oplata truda rossiiskikh federal’nykh gosudarstvennykh grazhdanskikh sluzhashchikh [Remuneration of labor of Russian federal state civil servants]. URL: http://www.thec.ru/dismat/Klimenko/Klimenko_r.rtf (in Russian).

19. Ksenofontova E.G. Liderstvo kak stremlenie ili Istoricheskie tendentsii ponimaniya fenomena liderstva [Leadership as an aspiration or Historical tendencies of understanding the phenomenon of leadership] // Izvestiya Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaya seriya. Seriya Sotsiologiya. Politologiya [Izvestiya Saratov University. New episode. Series Sociology. Political science]. 2016. T. 16. N 2. S. 142–153 (in Russian).

20. Lawler E.E. Strategic pay: aligning organizational strategies and pay systems. San Francisco, 1990.

21. Lotova I.P. O nekotorykh rezul’tatakh psikhologo-akmeologicheskikh issledovanii professional’noi kar’ery gosudarstvennykh sluzhashchikh [About some results of psychological and acmeological researches of professional career of civil servants]. URL: http://akmeolog.narod.ru/report003.html (in Russian).

22. Markeeva A.V. Geimifikatsiya kak instrument upravleniya personalom sovremennoi organizatsii [Geymifikatsiya as a tool for managing the personnel of a modern organization] // Rossiiskoe predprinimatel’stvo [Journal of Russian Entrepreneurship]. 2015. T. 16. N 12. S. 1924–1936 (in Russian).

23. Moynihan D.P. The normative model in decline? Public service motivation in the age of governance // Motivation in Public Management: the Call of Public Service. Oxford, 2008.

24. Perry J.L. Antecedents of public service motivation // Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. 1997. N 7 (2).

25. Perry J.L., Hondeghem A. Editors’ introduction // Motivation in Public Management: the Call of Public Service. Oxford, 2008.

26. Reini K.Dzh. Analiz i upravlenie v gosudarstvennykh organizatsiyakh [Analysis and management in public organizations]. M., 2002 (in Russian).

27. Steen T. Revaluing bureaucracy: what about public servant’s motivation? Milan: EGPA annual Conference. Milan, 2006.

28. Sverdlikova E.A. Traditsii i tsennosti rossiiskoi delovoi kul’tury [Traditions and values of Russian business culture]. M., 2011 (in Russian).

29. Upravlenie chelovecheskimi resursami [Human resources management] / Pod obshch. red. S.A. Barkova, V.I. Zubkova [Ed. by S.A. Barkov, V.I. Zubkov]. M., 2016 (in Russian).

30. Vasil’eva E.I. Sravnitel’nyi analiz stimulirovaniya gosudarstvennykh sluzhashchikh: aktual’nyi zarubezhnyi opyt dlya rossiiskoi praktiki [Comparative analysis of stimulation of civil servants: actual foreign experience for Russian practice] // Voprosy upravleniya [Management issues]. 2008. Iyun’. Vyp. N 2 (3) (in Russian).

31. Wright B.E. Public sector work motivation: review of current literature and a revised conceptual model // Journal of Public Administration and Theory. 2001. Vol. 11. N 4.

32. Zaikovskii V.N. “Servisnoe gosudarstvo”: novaya paradigma ili sovremenna-ya tekhnologiya gosudarstvennogo upravleniya? [“Service State”: a new paradigm or modern technology of public administration?] // Natsional’nye interesy: prioritety i bezopasnost’ [National Interests: Priorities and Security]. 2014. N 24. S. 18–28 (in Russian).

33. Zhukova A.G., Serkova K.Ya. Mirovye modeli i standarty upravleniya gosudarstvennymi programmami: kontseptsiya novogo gosudarstvennogo upravleniya [World models and standards for the management of public programs: the concept of new public administration] // Nalogi-zhurnal [Taxes-Journal]. 2015. N 6. S. 19–22 (in Russian).