NON-STANDARD FORMS OF PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND SELF-REALIZATION OF EMPLOYEES: DOWNSHIFTING AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Transition to postindustrial society is accompanied by the onrush development of new information and communication technologies. Consequently, social capital of humans development becomes necessary and very important. Along with the willing ness to increase social capital many people are interested in realizing their entrepreneurial activities. Spreading of such non-standard forms of employment as remote work, freelancing (in particular, electronic freelancing) and downshifting, providing a new type of social-labor relations, increasing number of people seeking to self-organization labor activity. Thus, detailed consideration of non-standard forms of labor organization, entrepreneurship and ways of employee’s professional development is very actual. The article discusses such phenomena as entrepreneurship and downshifting in context of personality’s professional development, and also exploring reasons and ways of engagement in ideologies of both two phenomena. A distinctive feature of the author’s view is that concepts of “entrepreneurship” and “downshifting” are not in the opposition as different vectors of career development. These methods of labor organization are considered as similar by backgrounds that motivate per son to leave stable job in a global context or in a concrete company. In the article for more complete understanding complementarity of entrepreneurship and downshifting in context of personality’s professional development, there is a brief historical background, regarding history of each phenomena – globally, and particularly in Russia.

1. Biografija Germana Sterligova [Biography of Herman Sterligov] // Oficial’nyj sajt Germana Sterligova. URL: http://sterligoff.ru/biografiya.html (data obrashhenija: 19.08.2017) (in Russian).

2. Buhler C. Psychology in the life of our times. Zurich, 1962.

3. Cantillon R. Essai sur la nature du commerce en general, edited with an English translation and other material by Henry Higgs. L., 1959.

4. Dudueva F.A., Lipatova A.E., Pashko A.I. i dr. Sovremennye issledovanija personala. Problemy upravlenija personalom i zanjatost’ju v temah dissertacionnyh issledovanij [Modern research of personnel] // Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Serija 18. Sociologija i politologija. 2016. N 4 (in Russian).

5. Hrestomatija po istorii psihologii [Chrestomathy of psychology history] / Pod red. P.Ja. Gal’perina, A.N. Zhdan. M., 1980. S. 286–300 (in Russian).

6. Inozemcev V.L. Raskolotaja civilizacija: sistemnye krizisy industrial’noj jepohi [Split civilization: systemic crises of the industrial era] // Voprosy filosofii. 1999. N 5 (in Russian).

7. Kondakov I.M., Suharev A.V. Metodologicheskie osnovanija zarubezhnyh teorij professional’nogo razvitija // Voprosy psihologii. M., 1989. S. 158–164 (in Russian).

8. Kornienko O.Ju. Istoriko-sociologicheskij analiz fenomena daunshiftinga kak novogo dvizhenija v kar’ere uspeshnogo cheloveka [Historical and sociological analysis of the phenomenon of downshifting as a new movement in the career of a successful person] // Vestnik KemGU. 2014. N 1 (57). S. 92–95 (in Russian).

9. Krongauz M. Slovo–2007. Slovo – geroj goda [The Word of 2007. The word – hero of the year] // Bol’shoj gorod. 2008. 9 janv. URL: http://bg.ru/society/slovo_2007-7181/ (data obrashhenija: 19.08.2017) (in Russian).

10. Merzljakova V. Al’ternativnye modeli uspeshnosti v sovremennoj kul’ture: daunshifting [Alternative models of success in modern culture: downshifting] // Vestnik obshhestvennogo mnenija. Dannye. Analiz. Diskussii. 2008. N 4. S. 33–42 (in Russian).

11. Moljarenko O.A. Raspredelennyj obraz zhizni i kontrurbanizacionnye processy kak faktory razvitija sel’skih i gorodskih poselenij [The distributed lifestyle and counter-urbanization processes as factors of development of rural and urban settlements] // Voprosy gosudarstvennogo i municipal’nogo upravlenija. 2013. N 1 S. 43–63 (in Russian).

12. Obrazovatel’nye zaprosy uchitelej na sovershenstvovanie/formirovanie professional’nyh kompetencij [Jelektronnyj resurs]. URL: http://www.dpomos.ru/page/requests_demo.php (data obrashhenija: 16.11.2016) (in Russian).

13. Ovechkina Ja.V. Osobennosti organizacii trudovoj dejatel’nosti sovremennyh daunshifterov [Features of the organization of the work of modern downshifters] // Nauchnyj rezul’tat. Serija “Sociologija i upravlenie”. 2015. N 3. S. 83–88 (in Russian).

14. Ovechkina Ja.V. Perspektivy rasprostranenija javlenija daunshiftinga v sovremennom obshhestve: analiz cennostnyh orientacij specialistov Moskvy i SanktPeterburga // SISP. 2015. N 10 (54). S. 92–102 (in Russian).

15. Parsons F. Choosing a vocation. Cambridge, 2008.

16. Semihova M.A. Nestandartnaja zanjatost’ v uslovijah sovremennosti [Nonstandart employment in the conditions of the modernity] // Materialy Mezhdunarodnogo molodezhnogo nauchnogo foruma “Lomonosov–2015” [Materials of the International Youth Scientific Forum “Lomonosov–2015”] / Otv. red. A.I. Andreev, A.V. Andrijanov, E.A. Antipov. M., 2015 (in Russian).

17. Semihova M.A. Novye formy zanjatosti v postindustrial’nom obshhestve [New forms of employment in post-industrial society] // Upravlenie chelovecheskimi resursami. V 2 ch. Ch. 1. Gl. 7. Uchebnik i praktikum dlja akademicheskogo bakalavriata. M., 2016. S. 126–142 (in Russian).

18. Shumpeter J. Teorija jekonomicheskogo razvitija [Economic development theory] M., 1982 (in Russian).

19. Super D.E. Vocational development. N.Y., 1957.

20. Tarasova O.V., Jacevich O.E. Jekzistencial’nye modeli dejatel’nosti cheloveka [Existential models of human activity] // Teorija i praktika obshhestvennogo razvitija. 2015. N 3. S. 145–148 (in Russian).

21. Tihomirov D. German Sterligov: “Sam ne znaju, naskol’ko ja byl bogat” [Herman Sterligov: “I don’t know how I was rich”] // Kommersant# Den’gi. 2007. N 5 (in Russian).

22. Tovbin K.M. Proekt “German Sterligov” kak primer psevdotradicionalizma [The project “Herman Sterligov” as an example of pseudotraditionalism] // Analitika kul’turologii. 2015. N 1 (31). S. 194–215 (in Russian).

23. Upravlenie chelovecheskimi resursami: menedzhment i konsul’tirovanie [Human resources management] / Pod red. V.V. Shherbiny. M., 2004 (in Russian).

24. Yurasova M.V. Sovremennye podhody k upravleniju kachestvom [Modern ways to quality managment] // Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Serija 18. Sociologija i politologija. 2011. N 1. S. 112–125 (in Russian).

25. Yurasova M.V. Proektivnye scenarii obshhestvennogo ustrojstva v soznanii budushhih obshhestvovedov Rossii [Projective scenarios of social order in the minds of future social scientists of Russia] // Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Serija 18. Sociologija i politologija. 2012. N 1. S. 155–169 (in Russian).

26. Yurasova M.V. Ocenki sistem kachestva podgotovki vypusknikov v vuzah Rossii [Estimates of quality systems of training of graduates in higher education institutions of Russia] // Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Serija 20. Pedagogicheskoe obrazovanie. 2013. N 1. S. 55–66 (in Russian).

27. Yurasova M.V. Integrirovannye sistemy issledovanij kachestva (kachestvo issledovanij i issledovanie kachestva) [Integrated quality research systems (quality research and quality research)] // Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Serija 18. Sociologija i politologija. 2014. N 1. S. 174–193 (in Russian).

28. Zakon “O predprijatijah i predprinimatel’skoj dejatel’nosti” [Entrepreneurship law]. 25 dekabrja 1990 g. (in Russian).

29. Zakon “Ob individual’noj trudovoj dejatel’nosti”. 1986 g.