Communities in the age of internet
https://doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2018-24-4-59-79
Abstract
The transformational potential of Internet technologies is undeniable today. This applies to all spheres of social life, and this, of course, affects a variety of social practices and social interactions. In the focus of sociologists there are problems that are somehow connected with the influence of the Internet on society. Modern communities are also under scrutiny. What is their nature, their forms and features of functioning? It’s about understanding whether modern communities are a fundamentally new type of social association or whether Internet technologies provide only additional tools for continuing the interactions that are characteristic of traditional communities. The article carries out the historical-sociological analysis of the concept of “community”. Various approaches to the definition of modern communities and their types are analyzed. Considering the Internet space as a new social space and the Internet as a revolutionary means of communication, it is proposed to carry out an analysis of virtual communities in terms of the presence or absence of characteristics in these communities that are alternative to traditional communities. The conclusion is made that the processes of hybridization are typical for modern communities, which implies the actual consolidation of the properties of real and virtual communities.
About the Author
D. E. DobrinskayaRussian Federation
Dobrinskaya Darya E., PhD in Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor at the Faculty of Sociology.
Leninsky Gory 1-33, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119234.
References
1. A dictionary of sociology / Ed. by J. Scott. Oxford, 2014.
2. Anderson B. Voobrazhaemye soobshchestva. Razmyshleniya ob istokakh i rasprostranenii natsionalizma [Imagined communities: reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism]. M., 2001 (in Russian).
3. Artemova T.S. Ponyatie “dustup” v sotsiologicheskoi teorii Dzheremi Rifkina [Th e notion ‘access’ in the sociological theory by Jeremy Rifkin] // Sotsiologiya [Sociology]. 2012. N 3. S. 84–96 (in Russian).
4. Bakardjieva M. Virtual togetherness: an everyday-life perspective // Media, Culture & Society. 2003. Vol. 25. N 3. P. 291–313.
5. Bauman Z. Does ethics have a chance in a world of consumers? L., 2008.
6. Baym N.K. Th e emergence of community in computer-mediated communication // CyberSociety / Ed. by S. Jones. Newbury Park, 1995. P. 138–163.
7. Baym N.K. Personal connections in the digital age. Oxford; Boston, 2015.
8. Blackshaw T. Key concepts in community studies. L., 2010.
9. Bondarenko S.V. Sotsial’naya struktura virtual’nykh setevykh soobshchestv [Social structure of virtual network communities]. Rostov-n/D., 2004 (in Russian).
10. Calhoun C.J. Dictionary of the social sciences. Oxford, 2002.
11. Castells M. Galaktika Internet [Internet Galaxy]. Ekaterinburg, 2004 (in Russian).
12. Cavanagh A. Sociology in the age of the Internet. Maidenhead, 2007.
13. Cohen A.P. Th e symbolic construction of community. L., 1985.
14. Dobrinskaya D.E. Cyberspace: territory of contemporary life // Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science. 2018. Vol. 24. N 1. P. 52–70. DOI:10.24290/1029-3736-2018-24-1-52-70 (in Russian).
15. Fuchs C. Internet and society: social theory in the information age. N.Y., 2008.
16. Giddens A., Sutton P.W. Essential concepts in sociology. Cambridge, 2017.
17. Gruzd A., Jacobson J., Wellman B., Mai Ph. Understanding communities in an age of social media: the good, the bad, and the complicated // Information Communication and Society. 2016. Vol. 19. N 9. P. 1187–1193. DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2016.1187195
18. Hampton K., Wellman B. Neighboring in Netville: how the Internet supports community and social capital in a wired suburb // City and Community. 2003. Vol. 2. N 4. P. 277–311.
19. Hampton K.N. Persistent and pervasive community: new communication technologies and the future of community // American Behavioral Scientist. 2016. Vol. 60. N 1. P. 1–24. DOI: 10.1177/0002764215601714
20. Hillery G.A. Definitions of community: areas of agreement // Rural Sociology. 1955. N 20. С. 111–123.
21. Katz J.E., Rice R.E., Acord S., Dasgupta K., David K. Personal mediated communication and the concept of community in theory and practice // Communication and community. Communication yearbook. Vol. 28 / Ed. by P. Kalbfleisch. Mahwah, 2004. P. 315–371.
22. Kimelev Yu.A., Polyakova N.L. Modern i protsess individualizatsii: istoricheskie sud’by individa moderna [Modernity and the process of individualization: the historical destinies of the modern individual]. M., 2017 (in Russian).
23. Kollock P. Th e economies of online cooperation: gifts and public goods in cyberspace // Communities in Cyberspace / Ed. by P. Kollock, M. Smith. N.Y., 1999. P. 220–242.
24. Licklider J.C.R., Taylor R.W. Th e computer as a communication device // Reprinted from Science and Technology. 1968. Vol. 76.
25. Matzat U. Cooperation and community on the Internet: past issues and present perspectives for theoretical-empirical Internet research // Analyse & Kritik. 2004. Vol. 26. N 1. P. 63–90.
26. Oldenburg R. Tret’e mesto: kafe, kofeini, knizhnye magaziny, bary, salony krasoty i drugie mesta “tusovok” kak fundament soobshchestva [Th e Great Good Place]. M., 2014 (in Russian).
27. Osipova N.G. Zapadnaya sotsiologiya v XX stoletii: klyuchevye figury, napravleniya i shkoly: nauchnaya monografiya [Western sociology in the twentieth century: key figures, trends and schools: a scientific monograph]. M., 2018 (in Russian).
28. Park R.E. Gorodskoe soobshchestvo kak prostranstvennaya konfiguratsiya i moral’nyi poryadok [Th e Urban Community as a Spatial Pattern and a Moral Order] // Sotsiologicheskoe obozrenie [Sociological Review]. 2006. Vol. 5. N 1. P. 11–18 (in Russian).
29. Park R.E. Organizatsiya soobshchestva i romanticheskii kharakter [Community Organization and the Romantic Temper] // Sotsiologicheskoe obozrenie [Sociological Review]. 2002. Vol. 2. N 3. P. 13–18 (in Russian).
30. Pentzold C. Imagining the Wikipedia community: what do Wikipedia authors mean when they write about their “community”? // New Media and Society. 2011. Vol. 13. N 5. P. 704–721. DOI: 10.1177/1461444810378364
31. Rheingold H. Th e virtual community: homesteading on the electronic frontier. Cambridge, 2000.
32. Rheingold H. Umnaya tolpa: novaya sotsial’naya revolyutsiya [Smart mobs: the next social revolution]. M., 2006 (in Russian).
33. Rossiiskaya sotsiologicheskaya entsiklopediya [Russian sociological Encyclopedia] / Pod red. G.V. Osipova. M., 1998 (in Russian).
34. Rykov Yu.G. Struktura sotsial’nykh svyazei v virtual’nykh soobshchestvakh: sravnitel’nyi analiz onlain-grupp sotsial’noi seti “VKontakte” [Th e structure of social relations in virtual communities: a comparative analysis of online groups of social network “VKontakte”]: diss. … kand. sots. n., M., 2016 (in Russian).
35. Steinkuehler C.A., Williams D. Where everybody knows your (Screen) name: online games as “third places” // Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. 2006. Vol. 11. P. 885–909.
36. Tennis F. Obshchnost’ i obshchestvo. Osnovnye ponyatiya chistoi sotsiologii [Community and Society]. SPb., 2002 (in Russian).
37. Vershinina I.A. Sotsiologicheskaya urbanistika: istoriya i osnovnye napravleniya sovremennykh issledovanii [Sociologocal urban studies: history ank modern key research trends] / Sovremennaya sotsiologiya: klyuchevye napravleniya i vektory razvitiya [Modern sociology: key trends and development vectors] / Pod obshch. red. N.G. Osipovoi. M., 2018. S. 230–268 (in Russian).
38. Wellman B. Physical place and cyberplace: the rise of personalized networking // International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. 2001. Vol. 25. N 2. P. 227–252.
39. Wellman B., Carrington P.J., Hall A. Networks as personal communities // Social Structures: A Network Approach / Ed. by B. Wellman, S.D. Berkowitz. Cambridge, 1988. P. 130–184.
40. Wellman B., Gulia M. Virtual communities as communities. Net surfers don’t ride alone // Communities in Cyberspace / Ed. by M.A. Smith, P. Kollock. Abingdon; N.Y., 1999. P. 167–194.
41. Wellman B., Hampton K. Living networked on and offline // Contemporary Sociology. 1999. Vol. 28. N 6. P. 648–654.
42. Williams R. Keywords: a vocabulary of culture and society. N.Y., 1985.
43. Wirth L. Urbanizm kak obraz zhizni [Urbanism as a way of life] // Wirth L. Izbrannye raboty po sotsiologii. M., 2005. S. 93–118. M., 2005. S. 93–118 (in Russian).
Review
For citations:
Dobrinskaya D.E. Communities in the age of internet. Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science. 2018;24(4):59-79. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2018-24-4-59-79