TERRITORIAL MOBILITY OF THE POPULATION AS AN ECONOMIC AND SOCIO-CULTURAL PROBLEM OF THE RUSSIAN LABOUR MARKET

With the largest territory in the world, Russia faces special problems in the distribution of labor resources. Management of territorial mobility becomes an urgent task of the state in the XXI century. From an economic point of view, territorial mobility prevents structural unemployment in the regions and contributes to economic growth. Most often, such mobility is beneficial not only to the state, but also to the citizens themselves, acquiring a stable place of work and thereby improving the quality of their lives. However, in general, the Russian population is characterized by very low mobility. The article analyzes the opinions of experts from the Federal service of labour and employment on this issue. The past of the country has caused a number of features that prevent the movement from the region to the region. These are: the structure of the real estate market (where the predominant objects are owned, not rented), and the collectivism of Russian people (according which moving to a remote region is viewed as a break with the native community), and the tradition of living all life in one place.
In such a situation, the state is forced to develop special social technologies that stimulate people to move. These technologies are located in a continuum — from active stimulation of moving to regions with a shortage of labor resources through serious financial support to consulting and providing information that enable people to make independent solutions. The article considers both general programs of territorial mobility management, implemented by the Federal center and the regions, and special programs, the most famous of which is the “Far-Eastern hectare”. The authors also draw attention to the increasing importance of information and consulting activities of employment services that are carried out in the Internet and allow to synthesize multiple data (on vacancies, housing market, transport accessibility, legal issues, etc.) necessary to improve territorial mobility.

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