MODERN CONCEPTIONS OF THE EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP IN ORGANIZATIONS: GENERAL AND SPECIAL

Whatever people do in large or small social groups, the question always arises: what factors determine the effectiveness of these groups and what are specific features of group management? While studying in largely the same, researchers from different scientific schools and various sciences put attention to different objects and use different terminology: some say the leadership styles, some speak about the managerial style, other – about the particularities of leadership, and the third about self-managed teams. The main leadership factors, distinguished by researchers, form the model subject of study or complement and clarify the “basic” model of relevant scientific schools. In the first case the model is often expressed schematically, while the second it is more often described verbally. The difficulty of comparing models of different schools, usually lead to either the conceptual rejection of their bases, or disregard to many significant models because of their anticipated heterogeneity. So the task of this article is to overcome the apparent incompatibility of the different authors’ approaches, it allows “not multiply entities” and seek deep similarity of ideas developed over many decades by different researchers. Using the schematic pairwise comparison of numerous models of management and leadership, the author reveals the conceptual validity of some components and possible redundancy (from a historical perspective) of others. When this is considered in detail the transition from 1D to 2D, and then to 3D models of leadership-management and related models: Lajkert’s continuum, managerial grid of Blake-Mouton, model of Aristotle, styles by Lewin, Tannenbaum-Schmidt and Hersey-Blanchard, two theories of McGregor, model of managerial competencies and levels of Covey leadership development, strategies in conflict of Thomas-Kilmann and cubic cultural-values model of leadership from Zankovsky. Particular attention is paid to the impact of leadership style on the group motivation, which not so much stimulates a particular activity, but also enables people to comprehend the meaning of what they are doing under the leadership of a particular leader. The author also examines significant issue – reflection of higher levels of leadership in these models. 

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