The formation of social inequality in the everyday practices: the historical perspective
https://doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2018-24-4-7-25
Abstract
The article analyzes the foundations methods and theoretical limits of the traditional sociological theories of social inequality. These theories do not distinguish methodologically between agence and structure. This makes such a theory of social inequality just a “social taxonomy”. The theories of A. Giddens and P. Bourdieu are viewed as the contemporary theoretical and methodological constructivist approaches to social inequality. They are based on the notions of “social practices”, “symbolic categorization”, “distinction”, “life style” (P. Bourdieu) and “reflexive structuration” (A. Giddens). The analysis demonstrates the lack of historical dimension in these theories. The article proves the need to analyze the basic everyday practices which give rise to social inequality. It is necessary to broaden the sphere of sociological research and use the historical perspective. It should also include as its object the system of social inequality in pre-modern societies. The article strives to achieve this by analyzing such pre-modern social practices of social inequality as inclusion/exclusion based on mechanisms of stigmatization, lanquage and ethuic-religions tradition.
About the Author
N. L. Polyakova
Lomonosov Moscow State University.
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Polyakova Natalya L., Doctor of Sociological Sciences, Professor of the Faculty of Sociology.
Leninsky Gory 1-33, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119234.
References
1. Bartlett R. Stanovlenie Evropy. Ehkspansiya, kolonizaciya, izmeneniya v sfere kul’tury. 950–1350 [Formation of Europe. Expansion, colonization, changes in culture. 950–1350]. M., 2007 (in Russian).
2. Bodrijyar Z.H. Obshchestvo potrebleniya. Ego mify i struktury [Consumer Society. His myths and structures]. M., 2006 (in Russian).
3. Burd’e P. Razlichenie: social’naya kritika suzhdeniya [Discrimination: A Social Critique of Judgment] // Ehkonomicheskaya sociologiya. 2005. T. 6. N 3. S. 25–48 (in Russian).
4. Burd’e P. Social’noe prostranstvo: polya i praktiki [Social space: fields and practices]. M.; SPb., 2005 (in Russian).
5. Burd’e P. Sociologiya social’nogo prostranstva [Sociology of social space]. M.; SPb., 2007 (in Russian).
6. Featherstone M. Consumption and life-style // Journal of Consume Culture. N.Y., 2001. Vol. 1. P. 40–62.
7. Filosofiya Gerberta Spensera v sokrashchennom izlozhenii Govarda Kollinsa s predisloviem Gerberta Spensera [The philosophy of Herbert Spencer in an abridged version of Howard Collins with a preface by Herbert Spencer]. M.; SPb., 1892 (in Russian).
8. Fuko M. Istoriya bezumiya v klassicheskuyu ehpohu [The History of Madness in the Classical Era]. M., 2010 (in Russian).
9. Fuko M. Nadzirat’ i nakazyvat’: rozhdenie tyur’my [To oversee and punish: the birth of a prison]. M., 2015 (in Russian).
10. Gofman I. Stigma: zametki ob upravlenii isporchennoj identichnost’yu. Chast’ 1. Stigma i social’naya identichnost’. Chast’ 2. Kontrol’ nad informaciej i social’naya identichnost’ (Glavy 3–6) [Stigma: Notes on the Management of Corrupted Identity. Part 1. Stigma and social identity. Part 2. Control of Information and Social Identity (Chapters 3–6)]. URL: www.HSE.RU/Data2011/11/15 (in Russian).
11. Kimelev Yu.A. “Sub’’ekt” i “sub’’ektivnost’” v sovremennoj zapadnoj social’noj filosofii [“Subject” and “Subjectivity” in Modern Western Social Philosophy]. M., 2006 (in Russian).
12. Kimelev Yu.A. Metodologiya social’nyh nauk [Methodology of social sciences]. M., 2011 (in Russian).
13. Kimelev Yu.A. Filosofiya i sociologicheskaya teoriya. Sfery vzaimodejstviya [Philosophy and sociological theory. Spheres of interaction]. M., 2016 (in Russian).
14. Kimelev Yu.A., Polyakova N.L. Filosofiya social’nyh nauk [Philosophy of social sciences] // Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 18. Sociologiya i politologiya. 2014. N 1. S. 20–26 (in Russian).
15. Kimelev Yu.A., Polyakova N.L. Modern i process individualizacii: is-toricheskie sud’by individa moderna [Modern and the process of individualization: the historical fate of the individual modern]. M., 2017 (in Russian).
16. Martynenko T.S. Global’naya sociologiya G. Terborna: teoriya social’nyh neravenstv [Terborn’s Global Sociology: Theory of Social Inequalities] // Vestnik Tomskogo gos. un-ta. 2015. N 391. S. 97–101 (in Russian).
17. Müller H.-P. Sozialstruktur und Lebensstile. Der neue theoretische Diskurs uber soziale Ungleichheit. Fr. a/M., 1997.
18. Osipova N.G. Neravenstvo v ehpohu globalizacii: sushchnost’, instituty, regional’naya specifika i dinamika [Inequality in the era of globalization: essence, institutions, regional specificity and dynamics] // Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Ser. 18. Sociologiya i politologiya. 2014. N 2. S. 22–46 (in Russian).
19. Osipova N.G. Istochniki i vidy social’nogo neravenstva [Sources and types of social inequality] // Obshchaya so-ciologiya. Osnovy sovremennoj sociologicheskoj teorii / Pod red. N.G. Osipovoj. M., 2017. S. 246–268 (in Russian).
20. Osipova N., Polyakova N., Dobrinskaya D., Vershinina I., Martynenko T. Social inequality: Receut Trends — Poute // La Nuova Italia Editrice. 2017. T. 73. N 5. P. 259–273.
21. Polyakova N.L. Social’noe neravenstvo v sociologicheskih teoriyah vtoroj poloviny XX v. Oformlenie konstruktivistskoj perspektivy [Social inequality in sociological theories of the second half of the twentieth century. Making a constructivist perspective] // Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 18. Sociologiya i politologiya. 2015. N 1. S. 5–28 (in Russian).
22. Polyakova N.L. Teoriya social’nogo neravenstva v sociologii XX v. Transformaciya klassiki [The theory of social inequality in the sociology of the twentieth century. Transformation of the classics] // Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 18. Sociologiya i politologiya. 2014. N 4. S. 19–43 (in Russian).
23. Sassen S. Territory, authority, rights: from Medieval to Global assemblages. Princeton; Oxford, 2006.
24. Sen A. Inequality reexamined. Cambridge, 1992.
25. Sennet R. Plot’ i kamen’. Telo i gorod v zapadnoj civilizacii [Flesh and stone. Body and city in western civilization]. M., 2016 (in Russian).
26. Spenser G. Opyty nauchnye, politicheskie i filosofskie [Experiments scientific, political and philosophical]. Minsk, 1998 (in Russian).
27. Terborn G. Globalizaciya i neravenstvo: problemy konceptualizacii i ob’’yasneniya [Globalization and Inequality: Problems of Conceptualization and Explanation] // Sociologicheskoe obozrenie. 2005. T. 4. N 1. S. 31–62 (in Russian).
28. Therborn G. Inequalities of the world: new theoretical frameworks, multiple empirical approaches. L., 2006.
29. Vershinina I.A., Martynenko T.S. Neravenstvo v sovremennom mire: Obzor mezhdunarodnyh dokladov [Inequality in the Modern World: A Review of International Reports] // Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 18. Sociologiya i politologiya. 2016. N 3. S. 74–91 (in Russian).
30. Vershinina I.A. Gorod v prostranstve social’nogo neravenstva [City in the space of social inequality] // Sociologiya. 2012. N 2. S. 66–76 (in Russian).
Review
For citations:
Polyakova N.L. The formation of social inequality in the everyday practices: the historical perspective. Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science. 2018;24(4):7-25. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2018-24-4-7-25
Views:
1441
Email this article 