World Culture Heritage in sustainable development. The case of Wismar and Stralsund
https://doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2021-27-1-224-238
Abstract
Gradually realizing the consequences of development related solely to economic growth, modern cities are turning their attention towards the concept of sustainable development. Using the World Heritage Cities of Wismar and Stralsund as an example, this study examines how the concept of sustainable development relates to World Heritage status. This paper aims to identify what is the implementation of the World Cultural Heritage (WCH) protection program in urban policies and the limitations of sustainable development programs related to.
The innovation of this research lies in the fact that the article considers how local governments make decisions regarding the implementation of WCH programs or sustainable development programs in cities similar in structure and historical past. The materials for the study are expert interviews with the author’s city administration, local activists, employees of museums and tourist centers, representatives of local businesses. Based on the obtained data, the main directions were identified why the city administration implements the WCH and restricts the sustainable development programs.
The study showed that urban policies are formed in a situation where the status of the WCH cannot be considered solely as a benefit to the city. Today, the city administration sees the strategy of implementing the WCH program as more beneficial in the time perspective and implements sustainable development programs only with significant limitations.
About the Author
Yu. A. EremenkoRussian Federation
Eremenko Iuliia A., Junior Researcher
25/14, st. 7th Krasnoarmeyskaya, St.Petersburg, 191005
References
1. Bandyopadhyay R., Morais D.B., Chick G. Religion and identity in India’s heritage tourism // Annals of Tourism Research. 2008. Vol. 35(3). P. 790–808.
2. Belozerova Yu.M. Sovremennye tendencii povysheniya ustojchivosti turistskogo biznesa putem ispol’zovaniya ekotekhnologij [Current trends in increasing sustainability of tourism business through the use of eco-technologies] // Vestnik GUU. 2012. Vol. 9–1. P. 91–96 (in Russian).
3. Brabec E., Chilton E. Toward an ecology of cultural heritage // Change Over Time. 2015. Vol. 5(2). P. 266–285.
4. Cuccia T. Is it worth being inscribed in the World Heritage List? The Baroque cities in Val Di Noto’ (Sicily) // RivistaItaliana di Economia Demografia e Statistica. 2012. Vol. 66(2). P. 169–186.
5. Firth T.M. Tourism as a means to industrial heritage conservation: Achilles heel or saving grace? // Journal of Heritage Tourism. 2011. Vol. 6(1). P. 45–62.
6. Glasson J. A heritage city under pressure: visitors, impacts and management responses // Tourism Management. 1994. Vol. 15. P. 137–144.
7. Hassan N. Introducing cultural heritage into the sustainable development agenda // Proceedings of the Hangzhou International Congress, Hangzhou, China, 15–17 May 2013. Hangzhou, 2013. P. 1–6.
8. Jameson J.H. Management and interpretation of world heritage through community engagement // Furnace, the Postgraduate Journal of the Ironbridge International Institute for Cultural Heritage. 2016. Vol. 7. P. 6–12.
9. Jimura T. The impact of world heritage site designation on local communities — a case study of Ogimachi, Shirakawamura, Japan // Tourism Management. 2011. Vol. 32(2). P. 288–296.
10. Kislicyna O.A. Rossiya v mirovyh rejtingah kachestva zhizni (blagopoluchiya) [Russia in the World Ranking of Quality of Life (Welfare)] // Ekonomicheskij zhurnal. 2016. Vol. 43. P. 157–178 (in Russian).
11. Leggett J.A., Carter N.T. Rio+20: The United Nations Conference on sustainable development, June 2012 // CRS Report for Congress. URL: https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42573.pdf (accessed: 09.08.2020).
12. MacCannell D. The tourist. A new theory of the leisure class. Berkeley; Los Angeles; L., 2013.
13. Moiseev A.D., Narizhnij, I.F. Sushchnost’ ustojchivogo razvitiya ekonomicheskih system [The essence of sustainable development of economic systems] // Central’nyj nauchnyj vestnik. 2017. Vol. 2(19). P. 14–16 (in Russian).
14. Nocca F. The role of cultural heritage in sustainable development: multidimensional indicators as decision-making tool // Sustainability. 2017. Vol. 9(10). P. 1–27.
15. Opoku A. The role of culture in a sustainable built environment. Sustainable Operations Management. Cham, 2015. P. 37–52.
16. Poria Y., Ashworth G. Heritage tourism — current resource for conflict // Annals of Tourism Research. 2009. Vol. 36(3). P. 522–525.
17. Shul’gin P. M. Istoriko-kul’turnoe nasledie kak osobyj resurs regiona i faktor ego social’no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya [Historical and cultural heritage as a special resource for the region and a factor in its socio-economic development] // Mir Rossii. Sociologiya. Etnologiya. 2004. Vol. 13. N 2. P. 115–133 (in Russian).
18. Throsby D. Culture in sustainable development: insights for the future implementation of art. 13 // Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. UNESCO: Sydney, Australia. Sydney, 2008. P. 1–17.
19. Tunbridge J.E., Ashworth G.J. Dissonant heritage // The Management of the Past as a Resource in Conflict. L., 1996.
20. World Heritage Fund.Statement of Compulsory Contributions as at 31 December 2018. San Francisco, 2018.
21. World Heritage Fund.Statement of Compulsory Contributions as at 31 October 2019. San Francisco, 2019.
22. Yang C.H., Lin H.L., Han C.C. Analysis of international tourist arrivals in China: the role of World Heritage Sites // Tourism management. 2010. Vol. 31(6). P. 827–837.
Review
For citations:
Eremenko Yu.A. World Culture Heritage in sustainable development. The case of Wismar and Stralsund. Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science. 2021;27(1):224-238. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2021-27-1-224-238