Modern Russian business culture: “special” path of development or borrowing “other people’s” management practices?

In recent years, scientific discussions have intensified about the "special" way of development of Russia, the need to preserve the national identity and the harm of reckless copying and borrowing of "alien" practices in the political, economic, cultural spheres, about the need to return to traditional spiritual and moral values. The Russian business culture has an interesting history of formation: the pre-revolutionary period with a special business code and reliance on the values of Orthodoxy; the Soviet period with the values of collectivism, the priority of the common over the private, strict hierarchical order; the early post-Soviet period with non-systematic attempts to raise "western" companies from Soviet enterprises, "blind" copying Western business experience, privatization and the destruction of the "old order" and paternalistic system of relations with power; finally, the current period of development of Russian business culture, when as a result of the first rapid intensification of international activity and the strengthening of contacts with foreign organizations, and then forced break of business ties with "unfriendly" organizations a rather distinctive business culture with a number of specific features and characteristic "ambiguity" (at the same time collectivism and individualism, masculinity and femininity, task and human orientation, monoactivity and polyactivity, polysynchronous organization of working time, long-term and short-term orientation, combination of centralization and decentralization, orientation on individual achievement and status). Characteristic features of modern Russian business culture are high distance of authority and acceptance by individuals of the established hierarchical order, respect for status, dependence of business on power, negative attitude to risk and change on the part of the staff and calm perception of uncertainty by managers, active use of informal ties and reliance on interpersonal relations in business interaction, high context of culture, particularism, etc.

1. Artefakty organizacionnoj kul'tury: kollektivnaja monografija [Artifacts of organizational culture: a collective monograph] / pod red. S.A. Barkova, V.I. Zubkova. M., 2023 (in Russian).

2. Biznes v literature: sociologicheskih analiz [Business in literature: a sociological analysis] / pod red. Barkova S.A., Zubkova V.I. M., 2014 (in Russian).

3. Deal T., Kennedi A. Corporate Cultures. The Rites and Rituals of Corporate Life. London, 1982.

4. Gavrilenko O.V. Organizacionnaja kul'tura i trudovaja jetika v sovetskih i rossijskih organi-zacijah: preemstvennost' i razlichija [Organizational Culture and Work Ethics in Soviet and Rus-sian Organizations: Continuity and Differences] // Sociologija. 2022. № 5. S. 98–107 (in Rus-sian).

5. Gavrilenko O.V. Rossija mezhdu Zapadom i Vostokom: organizacija, kul'tura, praktiki uprav-lenija i otnoshenija neravenstva [Russia between West and East: Organization, Culture, Manage-ment Practices and Relations of Inequality] // Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Serija 18. Soci-ologija i politologija. 2014. N 3. S. 56–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2014-0-3-56-70 (in Russian).

6. Krasovskij Ju.D. Sociokul'turnye osnovy upravlenija biznes-organizaciej [Sociocultural foun-dations of business organization management]. M., 2007 (in Russian).

7. Kul'tura kak faktor obshhestvennogo progressa [Culture as a factor of social progress] / N.M. Lebedeva, A.N. Tatarko. M., 2009 (in Russian).

8. L'juis R. Delovye kul'tury v mezhdunarodnom biznese: ot stolknovenija k vzaimoponimaniju [Business cultures in international business: from clash to mutual understanding]. M., 2001 (in Russian).

9. Minkov M., Kaasa A., Akaliyski P., Schachner M. “Harsh” Culture, Alcoholism, Climate, and Social Hardship Explain National Differences in Suicide Rates // Comparative Sociology. 2022. N 21. P. 43–63.

10. Magun V.S., Rudnev M.G. Bazovye cennosti rossijan v evropejskom kontekste [Basic Values of Russians in the European Context] // Obshhestvennye nauki i sovremennost'. 2010. N 3. C. 5–22 (in Russian).

11. Markeeva A.V., Gavrilenko O.V. Kul'tura i praktiki upravlenija: modernizacija vs sohranenija nacional'noj identichnosti (na primere vostochnyh delovyh kul'tur) [Management culture and practices: modernization vs preservation of national identity (on the example of Eastern business cultures)] // Jekonomika i predprinimatel'stvo. 2016. № 10-3 (75-3). S. 114–121 (in Russian).

12. Mjasoedov S.P., Kolesnikova I.V., Borisova L.G. Rossijskaja delovaja kul'tura: vozdejstvie na model' upravlenija [Russian business culture: impact on the management model]. M., 2010 (in Russian).

13. Moskva-Pekin. Sbornik k stoletiju obrazovanija Sojuza SSR [Moscow-Beijing. Collection for the centenary of the formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics] / N.G. Osipova, S.O. Elishev, P.S. Kanevskij i dr. M., 2023 (in Russian).

14. Organizacionnoe povedenie (uchebnik i praktikum dlja akademicheskogo bakalavriata) [Or-ganizational behavior] / Pod red. S.A. Barkova. М., 2015 (in Russian).

15. Prohorov A.P. Russkaja model' upravlenija [Russian model of management]. M., 2002 (in Russian).

16. Schwartz S.H. Universals in Content and Structure of Values: Theoretical Advances and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries // Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. San Diego (Cal), 1992. Vol. 25.

17. Smirnov G.N. Rossijskaja delovaja kul'tura: uchebnoe posobie [Russian business culture: textbook]. M., 2010 (in Russian).

18. Sverdlikova E.A., Tagibova A.A. Dinamika cennostej rossijskoj delovoj kul'tury v zerkale SMI [Dynamics of values of Russian business culture in the mirror of mass media] // Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Serija 18. Sociologija i politologija. 2016. T. 22. N 2. S. 226–241. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2016-22-2-226-241(in Russian).

19. Trompenaars F., Hjempden-Tjorner Ch. 4 tipa korporativnoj kul'tury [4 types of corporate cultures]. Minsk, 2012 (in Russian).

20. Ukaz Prezidenta RF № 809 «Ob utverzhdenii Osnov gosudarstvennoj politiki po sohraneniju i ukrepleniju tradicionnyh rossijskih duhovno-nravstvennyh cennostej», nojabr' 2022g. (in Rus-sian).

21. Vzaimootnoshenija organizacii i rabotnikov: tendencii, problemy i reshenija: kollektivnaja monografija [Organization-employee relations: trends, problems and solutions: a collective mono-graph] / Pod red. Ksenofontovoj E.G. M., 2021 (in Russian).

22. Witte E.H., Stanciu A., Boehnke K. A New Empirical Approach to Intercultural Compari-sons of Value Preferences Based on Schwartz’s Theory // Frontiers in Psychology. 2020. N 11. P. 1723. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01723