The article focuses on the responsibility of the researcher in the study. From the side of philosophy and sociology of science have often found the attention to the culture of research and the communal culture of the scientist. However, consideration has become a particular area of learning. It has established its own specific research culture. This specificity depends on many circumstances. These include, for example, include the scientist, his belonging to a scientific school or scientific staff, etc. The culture of research has become an integral part of scientific activity, and its level was influenced by the heuristic, the results of scientific research. As you know, the consistent development of science in modern times have discovered a definite trend towards interdisciplinary interaction of knowledge from different subject areas. A special place in the cooperation of Sciences is sociology. In the article the features of formation and strengthen the culture of research activities of the sociologist in terms of such interdisciplinary interaction. Determined by objective and subjective factors influencing the progress of research within sociological knowledge, developing in the context of interdisciplinarity. Attention to the analysis of methodical competence of a sociologist.

The article describes two characteristic of the consumer society of the paradox. The first is expressed in the contradiction between the desire for himself by exposure to high consumer standards and constraints of a financial nature. Specifics of consumer culture requires to make demonstrative waste of money, even if it is associated with financial resources. Demonstrative waste of money exercise by savings on invisible to others spheres of life, as “message” on the status becomes more important need than the satisfaction of these needs. The relationship between income and consumption does not seem unambiguous. Updated trend of the sense of consumption goods, pseudoconsumerism, realizing the need to seem - one of fictitious needs, which in practice translates into implementation of strategy is symbolic of deception. There is a “fictitious second order”, which is not associated with the symbolic meaning of a certain good, and with the symbolic meaning of goods, which is not cash, but is missing. Consumption has shifted imitating under the consumption of performance, consumption of simulacrum and virtuality. The dichotomy of “to have or to be” in this case is replaced by the dichotomy of “to have or to pass” and, in turn, “to pass or to be”. The second paradox is expressed in cultivating the desire to emphasize with consumption individuality that goes away when the practice becomes mass. Standardization is carried out under the rhetoric about elitism. The samples on offer as elitist, their attractiveness ascribe to itself the masses. It’s elitist by material unavailable to most people, but the mass by the desire of many people to be attached to them. Characteristic of a consumer society fashion consciously orients a select minority, but the underlying basis remains unconscious orientation to universality. Fashion stimulating consumption standards and to the implementation of individual choice, which constrained by these standards. In a way, it takes the right of consumer choice.

In article research of middle class in modern Russian society is considered. The middle class is one of the main directions of studying of social structure. It is one of the most controversial and actual problems for researchers. The author analyzes some problems and the main achievements of empirical researches. Being one of the most actual problems of domestic sociology at the same time it is represented also to one of the most difficult. Facing a huge number of problems in the theoretical, methodological plan, domestic scientists keep the scientific interest in the field of studying of this problem. Carrying out empirical researches and practical projects of reforming demonstrate that sociologists, politicians and the population in general attribute to middle class a special important role. At the same time often connect difficulties of development of the Russian society with backwardness of this element of social structure and vice versa with its registration hopes for progressive development are associated. So obvious is a fact that from a strict scientific problem in domestic sociology special importance was received by a practical task of forming of middle class.

Since 1978 People’s Republic of China has been carrying out the policy of reforms. As the result of these reforms, the powerful capitalist class has emerged. This class has transformed into a junior partner of the party-state bureaucracy of China. The author analyzes the capitalist class of China from different perspectives - number, wealth, age, gender, style of life. The author compares the capitalist class of China with capitalist classes of other countries - the USA, Germany, Japan, Russia, and India and so on. The author highlights the importance of the branch specialization of the capitalist class of China. The development of this class generates causes the industrialization and modernization. By contrast, the formation of the capitalist class causes the deindustrialization of Russia. The author highlights the main contradictions of the development of modern China. The situation of the capitalist class of China is contradictory. On one side, it needs the strong socialist state, on the other side, it needs the dismantlement of socialism.

The article is devoted to one of the most actual and complex problems of the modern Russian society - the conflict of the doctor and the patient. It analyzes the causes of the objective and subjective factors of the conflict in the modernization of health and medical care. Among the objective reasons are the imperfections of the regulatory framework in the field of health care, poor quality education of future health workers, expanding the range of paid medical services, the destructive activities of the media, “warming up” conflicting confrontation. In it the objective reasons and subjective factors of occurrence of this conflict in the conditions of modernization of public health services and population health services are analyzed. Among the objective reasons the special attention is given to imperfection of standard base in the field of public health services, to poor quality of formation at the future medical workers, to expansion of a spectrum of paid medical services, destructive activity of the mass-media, “warming up” disputed opposition. The author connects subjective factors of the conflict with specificity of the medical profession and the characteristics of its implementation in recent years. First of all, they are - the deformation of professional consciousness of doctors, low motivation for their work and a lack of interest physician in treating the patient. The problem of the conflict is exacerbated by the imbalance of the system management of personnel potential of the industry, weakening the control of the medical organizations. “Medical errors” and poor development of evidence-based medicine in recent years have caused a great resonance in society. In conclusion the author proposes preventive measures to reduce social conflict of “doctor and patient” and the scientific development of social harmonization in the relationship.

The proposed paper outlines concepts of the Religious individualism in modern Western society analyzed by the French sociologist Danièle Hervieu-Léger in “Religion in movement” (1999). Author proposes an assessment of the religious situation in the French society at the end of the XX century. Particular attention is given to crisis of secular regulation of the religious in the modern society. The weakening of the regulatory capacity of religious institutions leads to a weakening of the secular state. Religious institutions should be able to implement the regime of the truth of faith, which makes the institutional power of the superior guarantor of common faith principles shared by all believers of the denomination. Modern institutional disorganization in the religious field, contributing to the destabilization of the French model of secularism, weakened by political cultural and economic liberalization that undermine its principles values that historically based secular system itself. Institutional crisis of the truths of faith approval favors an increase in the number of belief systems of individual communities. The problem can not be solved a priori, legally separating the traditional, “recognized by law” and other religions. The changing religious situation the state must find a new model of interaction with religious groups and organizations. The material is useful for comparative studies of the religious situation in Russia and Western Europe.

The article provides an overview of the theoretical relationships of public administration with the scientific bases of social disciplines. The author defines the relationship between the theory of public administration with the methodological principles and structure of general sociology, and a range of sectoral sociological theories. The principles of the study of public administration are represented in the structure of interactions with the basic elements of macrosociology, empirical sociological studies, and interdisciplinary areas of knowledge. Special attention is paid to the causes and consequences of underestimating of the relationship between sociology and economics. The author approves the need for their synthesis in the development of theoretical models and practical recommendations to the authorities. Concerning the large scale of financial resources from public budgets and the simultaneous crisis of the welfare state in modern Russia, the task to solve the problem of “government failures” becomes really urgent. The multifactor model of the sociological measurement of public administration’s quality is presented as a result of author’s analysis. The basic directions of sociological research of public administration and social policy are proved and connected with the administrative reforms and elaboration of development strategy for Russian society.

One of the modern trends in quality management is the need to measure. Measure everything is possible, the main thing to choose the right criteria. However, the measurement is not always allows us to interpret the situation correctly. This article reviewed examples of when measurement is just not working, and, moreover, harm management processes. Today, the quality of management is the need to build indexes and characteristics. The main tool of comparison of various aspects of governance in the world is based on them, both on the state level and at the level of individual corporations. Today, the measurements are the most popular in modern trends of management. Measurement is a motivating element. The problem of adequate construction of the measuring instrument, which allows on the basis of the measurements to plan the necessary changes in accordance with the changing environment. The article describes the basics and the basic principles of such sciences as metrology and qualimetry that traditionally belongs to the field of engineering, but so necessary to modern management. On concrete examples the author considered the applicability of the measurement bases in everyday life, in business management and public administration level.

The article further describes the ideological, historical, socio-political and economic circumstances, responsible for the specific direction of a new form of the ideology of liberalism - contemporary liberalism (neo-liberalism). The special attention, along with the analysis of the ideas of the founder of original theory of the state intervention in the economic life of the society of John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946), is given to “neoliberal” economic constructions of an ideological orientation of Friedrich August von Hayek (1899-1992) and Milton Friedman (1912-2006), defenders of a liberal principle of self-regulation of economy, free from any regalements. The author, on the basis of the analysis of primary sources and examples from a political and social life of some States, shows that in theory the resurgence of liberalism in the form of neo-liberalism personified the idea of the priority of the individual to society and the State, the market - before planning and regulation, the human rights - before the power authority and the team. However in practice this revival was accompanied by displacement of accents and growth of ideological tendencies. Thus, theorists and practitioners of neo-liberalism lined up quite utopian model not only of economic, but also of social relations. Article details the mechanisms by which the theoretical constructions of economists-neoliberals were emasculated by politicians who gradually reduced them to the primitive and convenient theses, justifying any actions of the authorities. Over time, these points have become “undeniable truths”, through which neo-liberalism became dogmatic, and its economic credo has got obvious fundamentalist character, having turned to market dogma of totalitarian type.

The article is devoted to the issue of political culture in the mechanism of political systems. The author analyzes the main conceptual approaches to the interpretation of political culture, reveals its content and levels, considers the main types of political culture in the context of their impact on the stability of the political system.

We consider the manifestation of historical memory in the collective action by example of the referendum in Greece July 5, 2015 on the adoption of conditions of the financial assistance from the EU. The results of referendum are analyzed in historical context of Greece’s entry into World War II and its occupation by Axis countries, especially Germany. These events in the collective memory of the Greek society are associated with deep traumatic experiences that form specific patterns of perception and interpretation of contemporary social, political and economic context. We think that the historical memory becomes an important motivational factor that can influence social behavior. This factor can be initiated through an appeal in the public political discourse to the “places of memory” (lieux de memoire), one of which is the Greek national holiday Anniversary of “No” (Επέτειος του “‘Οχι”).

This article is about identity control theory based on traditional symbolic interaction views by Peter J. Burke and Jan E. Stets. According to this theory meanings in the situation are compared to the identity standard. The comparator measures the degree of correspondence between the two sets of meanings. Any differences between the meanings and the identity standart are represented in an error signal that generates positive or negative emotions.

This article focuses on mortality in children under 5 years in the United States of homicides. Infanticide has become one of the most common crimes against the person in the United States during the second half of XX - beginning of XXI centuries. This fact contributed to the problem of violent crime against children has been actively developed in American criminology. The following article is devoted to mortality from homicides among children under the age of 5 years old in the United States of America. Statistical reports of the Federal Bureau of Investigation during the period of 1980-2013 have been used as an empirical base for research. Carried out a critical analysis of a wide range of research of American specialists in various branches of science (criminologists, sociologists, psychiatrists, physicians), devoted to the problems of infanticide in the United States. The basic parameters of infanticide, the dynamics and characteristics of this type of crime. Revealed a rather complicated dynamics of infanticide in the United States for a designated length of chronological period’s ups and downs in the development of this type of crime. Victimization characteristics of children died of homicides as per sex, age and race have been presented. It is found that among American children under the age of 5 years, the greatest risk of becoming a victim of premeditated murder was in children under the age of 1 year. Generalized characteristics of criminals having committed infanticide during this period of time as per sex, kinship of the victim, means used to murder have been revealed. This study found that during the period under review the chronological development of the United States of persons detained by the police for the murder of a child under the age of 5 years, which is numerically dominated by men. These statistics can be traced in all age groups of persons who have committed infanticide in the United States in the 1980-2013 periods. Analysis of statistical sources provided the following social characteristics of mothers who killed their own children: the vast majority come from poor families, are relatively young, lonely, or experienced acute tensions with parents in the period before the birth of the child. The authors have analyzed foreign scientific literature, dealing with motivation and socio-psychological characteristics of mothers who killed their babies and presented some separate guidelines on the prevention of this type of crime. They also analyzed the features of infanticide prevention in the United States, aimed at authorities’ activity in crime reducing throughout the country, and identified positive aspects of criminological experience of American experts and the possibility to use it to study the problems and improve the system of infanticide prevention in Russia.