The article deals with the problems associated with the construction of the ideal type of the modern physician, as well as the identification of the key aspects of professional deformations of his personality and the analysis of the effects of these strains on the principles of conduct in relation to a patient. The introduction of market relations in health care system caused the competition between medical institutions, forcing them to look for additional ways to attract patients and as a result, the range of medical services to the population has significantly expended. A positive consequence has become a trend, expressed in an effort to improve the skills of doctors, the quality of work with patients. On the other hand, liberal globalization has led to the devaluation of the structure of the individual doctor and the public interest has strengthened the role and importance of individualistic interests. The result was the alienation of the doctors from the patients took on a mass character, which led to a degradation of the professional medical community and health care system in general. The authors are regarded as normative characteristics of medical practice, and indicators related to the subjectivity of doctor’s behavior, which reflects the perceived boundaries of the doctor’s professional and personal effects to the patient; attitude toward himself as a person and a professional; professional attitude of the society to the doctors and to the prevailing social and historical traditions of healing. The main characteristics that allow to construct an ideal type of physician are: high professionalism and its use for the benefit of man and society; rules of communicating with people who are sick; ethics in relationships in a professional environment; moral principles and ethics of the individual and the social order: the observance of a number of limitations and restrictions. However, under the pressure of contemporary social realities, which combines a set of internal and external factors affecting the identity of the doctor, it is subjected to serious professional deformations. The term “professional deformation of doctors” is close but not identical to the term “emotional burnout” because the first is primarily due to the social character and the second is largely due to the individual properties of the human psyche. Professional doctor’s strain amplified under the direct influence of the media, most evident in that they have no desire to cure the patient, as well as multidimensional phenomenon of corruption in the medical community that seriously negates the importance of doctors in the public consciousness and lead to a loss of credibility of members of society. The article presents data from various sociological studies, including those carried out on the basis of the Research Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery A.N. Bakuleva under the direction of T.N. Semina.

The article explains sociological methods being used for health evaluation among Russian population. Together with medical, demographic and other official data make it possible fast and with minimum cost to obtain objective information about nations’ health and the factors affecting it. Major advantage of sociological methods being used to measure health, especially in comparison with traditional registration of sickness rate according to public appeals, is that larger data on sickness can be gathered. It is particulary relevant to those sicknesses for which people do not ask for medical assistance. It is an actual issue especially today when more people refuse medical assistance. Author pays attention to health research using health-centric model, which concentrates not on fighting disease but health strengthening and disease prevention. An idea is underlined that it is impossible to manage the problem of generally weak national health only with the help of medical community, joint actions of psychologists, sociologists, representatives of culture and education are needed to overcome dependent approach among people towards their health, as well as existing disparities between demand for being healthy and real efforts made to preserve and strengthen physical and psychological health. The paper touches the problem of the value of health, and the role of various institutions, especially the family, in the process of health and healthy lifestyle settings developments. Behavioral factors are also being studied which relate to maintenance and strengthening of health among Russia’s population, identify gender related specifics of health and healthy lifestyle. The paper paid much attention to the problems of interaction between family and health institutions, trust in doctors and the healthcare system as a whole, the reasons of public health care failures. The influence of education, wealth and living conditions, family composition on health self-concept and self-preservation behavior is analyzed. The empirical base of the study is comprised of the research provided by the Department of sociology of the family and demography at Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of sociology, Institute of sociology and the Research center of FAP and CNS, as well as data from the Public opinion foundation, the National center for public opinion research and the World health organization which relate to the health of the Russian population. Current article will be useful for specialists and experts in sociology, medicine and health, sociology of family and demography and also for wider audience who are interested in the issues of health and healthy lifestyle. Results can be used by health system executives, social workers, representatives of regional and municipal administrations, professors and university students.

The article deals with the S. Sassen’s research and writing focuses on globalization (including social, economic and political dimensions), global cities, migration, the new networked technologies, and changes within the liberal state that result from current transnational conditions. The main features of the global cities are examined on examples. The global economy is far from being placeless, has and needs very specific territorial insertions, and that this need is sharpest in the case of highly globalized and electronic sectors such as finance. Large corporate firms needed access to a whole new mix of complex specialized services almost impossible to produce in-house as had been the practice. This new economic logic would generate high-level jobs and lowwage jobs; it would need far fewer middle-range jobs than traditional corporations. The transformation of the socio-economic systems at the global and national levels, the associated changes of urban communities life is considered.

The author analyzes the ideas of L.L. Sabaneev (1881–1968) – Professor of Moscow University, a well-known Russian musicologist, music critic, pianist and composer who emigrated in 1926. His theoretical ideas remain almost unexplored. However, his works on the theory and history of music are still interesting: he substantiated the need of sociological approach to the study of music and the analysis of music in context of social life. Unlike his contemporaries, musicologists (A.V. Lunacharsky, B.V. Asafiev, R.I. Gruber, etc.), who, although set the task of the development of the sociological approach, but did not implement it at once, Sabaneyev published his works on the history of music in the mid 20-ies, he tried to reveal this problem on the new methodological basis. The article shows that, Sabaneev suggested to renew the methodology of domestic musicology in the 20-ies of the XX century. Sabaneev developed a special conceptual apparatus (“production” and “consumption” of music, “the environment or the consumer of the musical arts”, “musical (sound) consciousness”, “taste group”, “style” – individual, group, “school style”, “style of the epoch”, etc.), by means of which he was able to realize the task of development of the sociological approach in musicology. There presented a statement that the introduction by Sabaneev such terms as “impression of the spirit”, “a type of feeling”, “world vision”, “musical vision”, “audible world perception”, “world outlook” in many ways anticipates the modern idea of picture of the world (which includes three components – world outlook, world perception and worldview), which finds its embodiment in the work of art. Sabaneev’s effort to present a typology of music listeners, which turned out to be innovative in its time became valuable for the present stage of sociology of music development. Much later T.W. Adorno put the problem “theoretical establishment of certain types of music listening in today’s society”, but Sabaneev did not confine this task. He tried to consider the problem in historical perspective, developing the concept of formation and updating of “taste groups”. Trying to uncover the connection between music and “a common cultural life”, Sabaneev with his works has undoubtedly made an important contribution into the formation of the methodological foundations of the science about music. The author believes that this contribution to a large extent relates to the sociology of music: Sabaneev largely anticipated the future development of this scientific discipline, having developed a conceptual apparatus that allowed him to reveal “the sociological preconditions in which music is determined”.

In a consumer society dominated by the imperative that requires permanent update personal system of things (the permanence principle). The production serves not just the needs and growth needs. It focuses on production of a growing number of including the  minimum useful things, but having a prestigious status and a symbolic completeness. A comparative analysis of the companies of production and the consumer society on the basis of the dominant attitude to things. Disclosed two forms of things aging: physical deterioration and moral obsolescence. Many things advertised specially created low-quality for quick change by the user. Or the infrastructure of the fashion and advertising calls for to constantly buy new things to be always in trend, be fashionable, to emphasize their social status. The concept of modernity encompasses extremely short period of time. Today the luxury of tomorrow is becoming the norm, and novelty – archaic. There is an effect of accelerating history. Even if the needs are met, the infrastructure “discovers” new needs. Builds a causal chain: growing production and advertising production speed – creates new needs – a person consumes produce results and thus contributing to its further increase. Symbolism – not a stable characteristic of a particular product. The symbol of the fashion elite goes from one generation to the other things, none of them, not finding a permanent place of localization. Therefore, the symbolic “shelf life” of things to expire soon their physical expiration date. In terms the rapid development of technology and the emergence of new generations of products emphasizing the status is possible through the permanent acquisition of the newest gadgets. Self-presentation – a process based on the permanent use of marketable novelty. This concluded the effect of corporeal gerontophobia. Formed permanence phenomenon, which can be defined as a culture inspired by the desire to use to update the range of available consumer items in accordance with changing fashion and constantly emerging commercial offers new models of things. Fictitious commitment to consumer redefining itself lies in the fact that: 1) it is just the thing (fetish-infantile) the nature, 2) it is fundamentally not satisfied because the modern economy creates for each new desire satisfied, which also demands satisfaction. There is a senseless chain of fictitious, which maintains the gap between the new requirement and satisfaction. Falling into dependence on the proprietary permanence, consumer stresses its independence, what is one of the paradoxes of consumerism. The article also discusses the destructive influence of the principle of permanence on the environment.

According to sociological telephone survey, conducted by the research centre Discourse in may 2016, half of young women with children believe that his wife has the moral right to divorce her husband, whom she doesn’t love, even if he is not guilty in front of her and they have children. In this situation, even perfect behavior of one of the spouses makes no warranties from divorce at the demand of the other spouse. According to the author, the divorce laws in Russia are too liberal. Spouses with no children from this marriage, mutual consent to divorce can get a divorce without a trial. If they have children under 18 years of age or if one of the spouses doesn’t agree to divorce, the marriage is dissolved in court. But the judge may not refuse to divorce even when only one spouse demands it, and the other spouse is innocent and doesn’t want to divorce. The author suggests in this situation to recognize the initiator of the divorce is guilty if he (or she) doesn’t prove that the other spouse has violated the rules of family life. The innocent spouse should have the benefit, in dividing property and establishing child custody. Opponents of stricter divorce laws claim that it can reduce the number of marriages. Many people refuse to marry. They are afraid of losing the apartment after divorce. Divorce is always possible, even without guilt on their part. According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, all property of the spouses jointly acquired during marriage is shared. After the divorce, it is divided equally, even if one of the spouses had no personal income all the time of marital life. This rule is valid if there is no marriage contract about joint or separate ownership. But if the groom will offer the bride to sign an agreement for waiver of claims to the apartment in case of divorce, she may be offended by such distrust, and to refuse to marry him. The number of marriage contracts in Russia is very small compared to the number of marriages. However, it is possible to amend the Family Code that marriage registration is required marriage contract. If people know that the prenup is necessary, it protects their property, and they will not lose it in case of divorce for fault of the other spouse, the number of marriages will increase, and the number of cohabitating couples will decrease.

According to the UN report, the question of the position and role of women in society is second the most important after the ecological and economic global problems. We observe that the process of development of civil society entails the inevitable changing roles of men and women in today’s world, women are increasingly involved in decision-making, there is full protection of gender equality, it includes the ethnic and socio-cultural aspects. Now the unshakable form of the family in which the man was the breadwinner, changes its shape. Woman seeks to equality in the family, to harmonious distribution of responsibilities between the spouses. She has become more independent, she has a desire to realize herself not only in the home but also outside it, in the professional field. Now the woman occupies the positions, which previously only men could have. And even there is the “glass ceiling” women are increasingly consolidates its positions on the top posts. She is making her way to the top because of her communication skills. Men are different from women’s by aggressive, task-oriented type of behavior that does not fit the new management model, which is becoming more and more popular nowadays. However, women owning more appropriate communication skills, can’t take root in the management environment, because they encounter with the requirements established by the men and the need of directly communicate with the opposite sex, to establish economic partnerships, and to adopt this model of communication. And getting into the man’s environment, the women are included into the competition for status and power, thus losing their unique way of communication, which is even prescribed them by gender stereotypes. This confusion of roles has been called “double bind”, when you can’t match to the same type of conduct in connection with the surrounding social conditions, and forced to maneuver between different models of behavior. Woman seeks to catch up with men not only in the field of employment, but also in the family, we also observe this process. Model family with two working parents looks more attractive and appropriate to modern realities for modern society. The traditional model of the family, where the father – breadwinner and the mother – a housewife, changes by another model of the family, where there is partnership and equality. Woman of the XXI century knows that for her happiness, it is necessary to combine the main areas of her life, namely, family and work. At the same time she have to combine them harmoniously because different roles must not overlap with each other, and the woman could realize herself fully in all spheres of life.

The article analyzes the process of formation of national civic identity of the Russian youth in the early twenty-first century, taking place in the context of ongoing global socio-cultural transformations. Most significance the above mentioned problem acquired in the context of sustainable patterns of civic political culture of the young generation, which would be based on Russian historical traditions and at the same time could contribute to political modernization of Russia in the early twenty-first century. Particular emphasis is on the development of the political culture of the Russian Internet, the emergence of “virtual” (network) socio-political identities, which have highly dynamic, amorphous, situational character. It is stated that such transnational identities developed by Internet communications, generate not only “alternative” political reality, but also play the role of sociocultural and symbolic “competitors” for the national model of civil identity of the Russian youth. In these conditions urgent task is to use the Internet communications for promotion of positive (patriotism, political activism, responsibility for
their own political choices) civic political values and socially acceptable conventional models of political behavior in a heterogeneous socio-cultural environment of young Runet users.

This article analyzes the phenomenon of lobbying as a form of communication of public authorities, business and socio-political actors. The article based on the evaluation results of a poll presents a generalized picture of the functioning of lobbyists on the political landscape, disclosed the specifics of the use of GR-tech lobbyists at national and supranational level in the European Union. Analyzed data from a sociological study of the impact of information on the effectiveness of management decision-making by lobbyists in Eastern Europe and the Baltic States, evaluate the effectiveness of various political aktor-lobbyists. The system of power in the EU multi-level, lobbying is carried out with a strong competition between different interest groups. By the way, the Russian business poorly informed about the possibilities and mechanisms to defend their interests at EU level and does not use this tool. Institutes of the EU authorities, is the center of the work of lobbyists are the European Council, the Council of Ministers, the European Parliament and the European Commission. With regard to professional lobbying transparency of the process, about one in four out of five respondents said that business, trade associations and professional organizations are transparent in their approach to the process of political and administrative lobbying, while only one in five said this factor in relation to companies. Respondents clearly express support for democratization and openness of the political process, which is transparent to the various representatives and interest groups, and the lobbyists are expected to be open about their interests represented. It is not clear defined interests or lack of transparency called the most negative aspect of lobbying. Thus, many experts noted that the successful lobbying can change the state of the social environment and the socio-political relations. When both unsuccessful lobbying ends only negative publications in mass media and information noise. The analysis  conducted in the article shows that concerns about the transparency of the lobbying process gave way to other concerns:  that the information provided is not neutral and engaged by certain  pressure groups, and that lobbying pays excessive attention to the  interests of elites and wealthy segments of the population (this view  supports every third respondent ). However, with respect to the  positive aspects of the lobbying process, respondents clearly  indicated to ensure the participation of representatives of business groups and socio-economic sphere of citizens in the political process  (half of the respondents) and the use of relevant technical and  scientific information corresponding to the needs of lobbyists and  interest groups to information (supports every third respondent). Thus, summing up the above, it should be noted that the question of which groups meet the definition of “lobbyist” sixty respondents  called trade associations, among others, the most popular answers were the agency to influence the public policy (58%) and professional organizations (57%). Non-governmental organizations were called lobbyists more than half of respondents (51%), and the company – less than half (47%). Trade unions are considered lobbyists only 40% of respondents.

The features of studying youth problematic in domestic sociology during various periods of the Russian history (Imperial, Soviet and post-Soviet) are discusses in this article. The effect have made historical features of development of our society, state, a scientific thought on development of domestic sociology of youth are analyzes. Author pays attention to little known works and unjustly neglected classics of Russian socio-political thought, conducted a very interesting and large-scale sociological research on youth problematic. The author analyzes various theoretical approaches to the definition of “youth” in sociology. Describes three basic (sociopsychological, social, socio-cultural) and less common (reproductive, out risk assessment, thesaurus, integration and other) approaches to the definition of youth. The author consider the integration approach to the definition of youth as
the most successful which take into account both psycho-hysiological and age peculiarities, typical of young people, its place and function in the social structure, socio-cultural group values and interests, its participation in the life process of society, characteristics of identity and self-determination. The author defines young people as a socio-demographic group (the generation of people in the age range from 14 to 30 years) in their development of emerging and gaining social maturity, namely the acquisition of basic social roles and functions, life choices, self-determination, self-identity and awareness of their values and interests, its place in the world. At the same time, he consider young people as one of the most vulnerable category of the population, because of the lack of a significant part of the relevant knowledge, experience, and economic independence. Therefore, it is an attractive target for manipulative action of the various actors of the public life. The author notes the prospect of a large-scale study focused on the impact on youth of different, not unique subjects of a public life, using her as an object of manipulation, as well as approbation of it political, socio-psychological technologies and experiments.

he article analyzes the nature and internal structure of various types of crimes in which involved minors. Describes the main social factors contributing to this anomaly in the period of development of society. Investigated the motivation, the system and the types of crimes of minors in the Volgograd region, are the main trends of development of this phenomenon. The study also discusses the theoretical basis of the problem of the influence of economic stability on the species structure of juvenile delinquency. In this study the analysis of various types of deviance minors in different areas of the city of Volgograd. In the process of rapid modernization of communication processes most of today’s youth have not been able to quickly rebuild their behavior. Currently, the value-perception of the adolescents focused on the material benefits in terms of expanded economic interactions. In these conditions, social processes become increasingly removed from humane and spiritual orientations. The effective functioning of society in its interaction based on cooperation and understanding is of great importance to stimulate the positive trends in social sphere in modern Russia. The modern period of development, coupled with a drastic breaking of the foundations of life, the formation of new social relations and institutions and the destruction of the old, inevitably contributes to social tension, the reassessment of social and moral values and development of deviant behavior of minors. The advantages of this study are the involvement of local archives regional committees on Affairs of minors, was first introduced to active scientific revolution, as well as logical structuring and grouping of the main issues related to the dynamics and changes in the species structure of juvenile crime, which allowed us to perform a fairly extensive archive of statistical material. Based on this analysis, the authors made a “psychological portrait” of a juvenile offender, identified the main motives that caused teenagers to commit various crimes, considered in detail the structure of their crimes. The problem of motivation has received considerable attention, as its study brings researchers to the subjective knowledge of the motor components, causing a minor to commit a crime. It is equally important that, given the socio-economic factors in the analysis of human aggression is of great value not only for theoretical analysis through a systemic approach, but also for further improvement of preventive, rehabilitative work with young offenders. The process of modernization of the Russian society have not only brought much positive change, but destroying the traditional way of life, have brought cardinal changes in communication processes of the younger generation. Overall, the article gives some increase of knowledge in the identified scientific fields, contributes to the development of the science and practice of studying of illegal behaviour of minors and promotes the understanding of problems related to social processes in modern society. Having carefully studied the main factors that intensify illegal behavior of adolescents in the period of economic transformation of society, the authors come to the conclusion that the processes of industrialization, urbanization, changing economic structure has had on the structure and activity of deviant behavior of teenagers in the period under review, a significant impact. This is probably due to the fact that these processes at the initial stage of its development has resulted in significant changes in the internal foundations of the structure of society.

Current article is dedicated to factors of inequality in the sphere of higher education. The authors identified negative factors constraining the formation of human capital in the field of education; the role of households and businesses to reduce inequalities in this sphere. The article analyzes the universal models of financial accessibility of higher education in developed countries. Particular attention is paid to the genesis of higher education in Russia, the formation of inequality and new motivation in the conditions of reforming higher education. It revealed a contradiction between the orientation of higher education to practice in market conditions and the deformation of employment in the labor market. Public-private partnerships, business involvement in the financing of modern quality education is one of the ways to reduce inequalities in the field of higher education and to overcome the impact of the labor market strain.