This article examines an ambivalent ideology – nationalism, which, on the one hand, causes nationalist sentiments in society, provokes ethnic or racial intolerance, and on the other hand, promotes national unity and solidarity.

The author examines three theoretical and methodological problems related to the consideration of nationalism as a full-fledged ideology, and also highlights the core ideas of this ideology, the most important of which are the nation, organic community, self-determination and identity politics.

In Russian literature, depending on the interpretation of the concept of nation, two main forms of nationalism are distinguished: state and ethnic, and when the so-called “politicization of ethnicity” takes place – the process of significantly increasing the importance of the ethnic factor in politics, nationalism acquires a pronounced political character.

Foreign researchers distinguish liberal, conservative, colonial, expansionist types of nationalism and emphasize that it is the latter that “can turn into an irrational and reactionary symbol serving political leaders to justify armed expansion and wars in the name of the nation”. Expansionist nationalism is correlated, and sometimes even identified with such ideologized constructions as racism and Nazism. In this regard, the article draws a distinction between the ideology of nationalism and racism, shows their points of contact, and also examines the legitimacy of attributing racism to a number of ideologies.

The author also analyzes the problems associated with the historical culmination of the expansionist form of nationalism, which researchers unanimously consider National Socialism, which became widespread in Hitler’s Germany and represented a fusion of an extremely simplified form of the ideology of nationalism – Nazism, characterized by pronounced racial intolerance with separate, uniquely interpreted elements of socialist ideology.

Through a detailed analysis, the author substantiates the conclusion that in its extremely reactionary, primitive, but radical form, being a breeding ground for racism and Nazism, nationalism certainly had a pernicious effect on society – it led to the destruction of social solidarity, the initiation and proliferation of social, political and, very often, military conflicts. This is convincingly proved by the modern geopolitical realities that have developed as a result of the massive and well-organized propaganda of ultranationalist sentiments in the post-Soviet space, the central arena for which was Ukraine, the birthplace of Ukrainian right-wing nationalism and the seat of modern neo-nationalism.

At the same time, nationalism is also quite a progressive and liberating social force if it embodies the spirit of national unity or national independence. Currently, this circumstance is very relevant for the process of recreating Historical Russia – a unique ethnic, geopolitical, cultural, moral and political integrity, which was formed over the centuries as a result of the long residence of peoples and nationalities in the vast Eurasian space. Its cementing principle is a strong statehood, the consolidating thesis about the strengthening of which was permanently not only one of the cornerstones of the political conjuncture of politics, but also a new, reviving national idea, the contours of which are analyzed in the article on extensive historical and scientific material.

This article is devoted to the study of imperial statehood as a traditional form of statehood for Russia and the Russian people. The author of the article notes that in the minds of most Russians and residents of the Earth, the term “empire” is perceived with a pronounced negative connotation, which is a consequence of the dominant in science and mass consciousness, thanks to the activities of the media and propaganda, certain myths about empire and ideological attitudes.

Imperial states are usually identified either with a large power in their territorial possessions, or with a special type of state entities seeking constant territorial expansion, coupled with the merciless exploitation of “enslaved” peoples, i.e. with colonial powers, often to raise their status calling themselves “empires”.

Meanwhile, such ideas have nothing to do with reality. Classical empires are a special type of state entity dominated by the idea of   unity of society in the name of the common good. Different ethnic groups coexist peacefully in culture and customs, coexisting under the patronage and supervision of the core imperial ethnic group, while maintaining their traditional way of life, economic structures, the system of local self-government and often statehood.

The study of the phenomenon of “empire” is very important at present in the light of determining the prospects and vector for the further development of the Russian world, Russian society and statehood. For, as history shows, the fate of the empire is inseparable from the fate of the core imperial ethnic group, i.e. the Russian people. And in this sense, the empire is not only a tradition, but also the fate of Russia.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, there was an aggressive, brutal political struggle in which the government, the imperial camp put forward a number of ideas. Among the highranking dignitaries were people with a fine sense of state, who understood the difficulty of the situation and were looking for people in society who could find out, write out for the government a number of reform actions to curb the revolutionary movement and a clearer understanding of the positive tasks necessary for the Empire entering the industrial era. Scientists and writers of this camp have shown a very deep understanding of the importance of the ideological struggle against the revolution. There were many who wanted to formulate a complete understanding of the political phenomenon of Tsarist power, but, for the most part, it was an outline of some contours, an attempt to identify a problem or raise a question with a few juicy strokes. In such attempts, there was not the necessary capital, inclusiveness, universality that L.A. Tikhomirov was able to give in “Monarchical statehood”.

The scientific basis for his sociological reasoning, L.A. Tikhomirov builds on the statement about the immutability of the basic psychological properties of a person as an actor in social relations. The fact of the existence of a thousand-year-old Orthodox Russia was not a boring misunderstanding for him, requiring revolutionary changes or the development of social doctrines for its capital utilization. His amazing mental independence was in stark contrast to the widespread intellectual dependence on the ideological trends of the time.

Current article analyses transnational lobbying by Russian business groups in the face of new geopolitical risks. Over the past three decades, Russian interest groups have been actively integrated into the mechanisms of transnational lobbying, promoting and advocating their interests on the levels of national and supranational jurisdictions. Today Russia's place in the system of transnational lobbying is undergoing fundamental changes. After February 24, 2022, traditional foreign economic partners, such as the European Union, the United States, and a number of Asian countries, began to break their economic ties with Russia, and Russian business began to lose long-developed and studied markets and political contacts. This poses the question of diversifying lobbying routes and searching for new trading partners. The author proposes his typology of the stages of development of Russian lobbying abroad, considering current realities. The author analyzes how the strategies and directions of Russian business groups abroad developed and shifted and how this was connected with changes in the general geopolitical situation. The article discusses the specifics of the current stage, which involves a radical change in the direction of promoting the interests of Russian business groups, analyzes in detail the potential for lobbying of Russian interests in China, and provides individual recommendations for improving the lobbying strategies of Russian companies.

This article is devoted to the work of the American scientist Harry Braverman. The relevance of the article is due, firstly, to the transformation of the system of social stratification occurring in American society in the middle of the twentieth century, as well as the search for relevant approaches for its study. Secondly, the fact that Russian sociology does not pay enough attention to Braverman’s unique contribution to the development of the theory of social structure, his active participation in the current scientific discussion on the working class. The American sociologist investigated the problems of transformation of the working class, its place in the system of stratification and its role in the development of society. Braverman is often called a Marxist, and interest in his work is often interrupted. His vision of the social structure of American society is distinguished by originality and is based on extensive personal work experience. An American sociologist studied labor relations, which he observed directly in the labor process. One of the tasks set by the author of the article is to consider the heuristic potential of one of the approaches known in world sociology to the study of social stratification. Harry Braverman significantly contributed to the fact that the sociological explanation of the system of social stratification is transformed in the second half of the twentieth century. He took part in a scientific discussion on structural transformations taking place in the middle part of the stratification system of American society. Braverman criticized the emerging theories of the “new middle class”, contrasting them with his concept of the “new working class”. Braverman to a certain extent developed K. Marx’s theory of alienation, supplemented it taking into account the current stage of the development of capitalism. The author of the article made an attempt to trace the research logic of the American sociologist, as well as to show his success in carrying out an accurate and detailed revision of the production process at the time of its next acute crisis, which was certainly a great contribution to the development of Marxist theory, taking into account modern realities, which made it possible to move forward.

The article analyzes cinema as a subject of sociological analysis. Approaches to the conceptualization of the term “cinema” are considered, their specificity is revealed. Cinematography is presented as an art form, mass media and communication, a social institution, and an industry of the economy. The functions and role of cinema in society are highlighted.

Particular attention is paid to the features of modern cinematography, among which there are three main ones – the globalization of cinematography, the change in the model of film production and the serialization of cinematography. The positive and negative social consequences of the process of globalization in the field of cinema are highlighted. It is emphasized that the state, which can regulate and control the process of distribution of film products, acquires a special role in the era of globalization. The inequality in the field of film production is analyzed.

The article presents the characteristics of the modern film production model associated with a high level of competition in the film industry, as well as control in the field of protection of intellectual property rights. In modern cinema, it is common to expand storylines and create prequels, sequels, and crossovers. The reasons for this process are described, such as commercialization, unwillingness to take risks, focus on the mass consumer, and others. Serialization is considered as the third significant feature of modern cinema. The history of serialization, its main stages and their characteristics are presented. In conclusion, potential trajectories for the development of modern cinema are presented.

The work is a continuation of the research carried out in 2017 and published in the journal “Economics and Mathematical Methods” (2018, N 4). The need is formulated in a force majeure situation for the country to prevent a sharp drop in the standard of living of the population of the country to increase the role of social transfers. A special role belongs to this in the conditions of the modern demographic situation in Russia. The expediency of the development and adoption at the level of the federal law of the Social Doctrine of the Russian Federation 2025–2030 is substantiated. The main provisions of such a Doctrine developed by N.M. Rimashevskaya and S.S. Sulakshin are considered. The basic principles of the Social Doctrine and its components are given. The scheme of interrelations of models in forecasting social transfers is given. The scheme of classification of regions of the Russian Federation for carrying out model demographic calculations based on the territorial-ethnic principle based on the values of indicators of natural population growth and the integral index of quality of life and its rank calculated by L.A. Migranova is given. It is recommended to carry out calculations using models as a 12-regional bundle. The influence of the level of GDP on the main demographic indicators is analyzed on statistical material. As examples of modeling demographic indicators as functions of GDP per capita, the following indicators were taken: total fertility rate; average age of women at birth; life expectancy of men at birth; life expectancy of women at birth. Indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of the social transfer system are proposed.

The article focuses on the directions and current barriers for including Russian pensioners in new forms of employment. Radical transformations of labour in the post-industrial economy with the accompanying process of “new demographic transition” require modernization of existing approaches and programmes to organize work activities in elderly age groups. In order to effectively address these challenges, it is necessary to solve a series of conceptual issues in defining new forms of employment, that make it difficult to measure the scale of their spread, to develop assistance programmes that lead to bias regulation of emerging new models of employment. The dominant organizational, technological and legal approaches should be integrated with sociological diagnostics and examination of the transformation processes.

Based on the results of sociological survey of Russian pensioners (2022), current statistical data and results of research centers (VCIOM, FOM, SuperJob, HeadHunter) the attitude and availability of Russian pensioners to remote work and self-employment are revealed. The article substantiates the need for a differentiated approach to the development of programmes to support new forms of employment for the elderly people (public and company employment programmes) based on the systemic analysis of pensioners’ and pre-retirees’ perception of changes in their social and employment status, taking into account a variety of individual characteristics (age, gender, etc.), local socio-economic conditions (place of residence) and life situations. Based on the analysis of remote employment and self-employment, it is justified that the development of new forms will allow pensioners to form more diverse life and work trajectories that meet their interests.

Gaming practice is today the cutting edge of the formation of the future society, the period of global digital transformation of which can be fixed by the moment of total public involvement in digital reality in 2016, when augmented digital reality was massively introduced. Thus, completing the period of post-post-modernity, the expression of which was a person who is at a loss, and not in front of the “brave new world”, but in front of the elusive old one. To date, the grounds for forecasts have been accumulated, the way for which, the authors of the presented article will try to open with this material.

The authors argue that the most striking manifestations of the effects of digitalization affecting social reality hide the totality of their influence on many aspects of everyday life. The hidden restructuring of social practices that comes with every multiplayer game released comes through the game world of involved players and business structures that use the psychological, tactical, strategic achievements of the developers for their own commercial purposes. Will the gamification of social practices become a new “bottleneck” for civilization or will we be able to integrate a humanitarian approach and humanistic expertise into strategic control centers for the development of digital technologies.

The article is devoted to the theoretical and empirical analysis of professional self-realization of students and the definition of its value determinants. According to the author, the professional self-realization of young people is a stage of socialization, where professional potential is formed and realized; it includes a set of professional competencies and special personality traits necessary for the effective implementation of labor activity. Professional self-realization is impossible without the creation of appropriate conditions, which is as part of the State Youth Personnel Policy: an institutionally organized socio-managerial activity of the subjects of youth policy aimed at regulating personnel processes in the youth environment of the country.

The effectiveness of the organization of personnel processes depends on how much this process responds to the values of youth.

To determine the value conditions for the professional self-realization of students, the results of a sociological study were analyzed. The study was conducted in 2022 under the guidance of the author among Russian students (N=18,392). As a result of the analysis, two groups of value determinants of professional self-realization were identified: primary and secondary.

Primary value determinants are strategic, they should be considered when the personnel policy of the organization building, they are in the area of responsibility of the head of the organization; these groups include the value conditions through which respondents reveal the content of self-realization.

Secondary value determinants of professional self-realization are tactical. They should form the basis of adaptation practice for each new employee of the organization and be in responsibility of the immediate supervisor; this group includes the most important value conditions in employment for students who need the opportunity for professional self-realization.

The revealed value determinants of professional self-realization can be included in the program of adaptation of young specialists in the organization.

Within the framework of the article, the authors systematized the events that were held by the Scientific Student Society (a.k.a. SSS) of the Faculty of Sociology of Moscow State University. In 2021, the year of science and technology in the Russian Federation, the SSS of the Faculty of Sociology of Moscow State University conducted a study during which the role of Student Scientific Societies as student organizations engaged in scientific and scientific-educational work was strengthened. As part of 2022, the first year of decade of science and technology in the Russian Federation, the SSS of the Faculty of Sociology of Moscow State University also held a number of events that promote the popularization of sociological science and the development of research work among students, graduate students and young scientists.