Sociology dictates the particular socio-political position of his followers. It is associated with active citizenship, interested and active participation in public life of the country and the world at large. It can be characterized as a social and political activism, and which referred to the submitted article.

The paper analyzes the transformation processes of the systems of social inequality in the XX century societies. It also views the changes in sociological theories and their research methods brought about by these transformations.

This article considers the basic features of E.O. Wright’s “real utopias” concept. This concept is developed to show the alternatives to existing capitalist order in modern societies.

The article deals with the dynamics of methodological approaches in the study of social systems. The author considers the philosophical and methodological background of a systematic approach in the pursuit of social structures and transformations are analyzed and identified patterns of integrated interdisciplinary approach.

The notion of social responsibility which is sufficiently detailed elaborate by modern social science is applied nowadays increasingly frequently as long as it is characterize various aspects and spheres of social life. Renewed interest in the concept today is connected with sociologist’s attempts to interpret current social situation - the condition of postmodernity described by uncertainty and risk which are escalated by global economic crisis. Vital need to conceptualize social responsibility under such conditions is appeared in a new context shaped by risk society. Evolution of social responsibility concept from classical - settled in modernity - to perceptions relevant to risk society is traced back in the article.

The article examines the socio-historical background that shaped unfavorable conditions for the country’s transition to innovative development.

Modernization of the social policy of the modern Russian state - an objective necessity. Unresolved social problems accumulate. The ruling elite must be imbued with the idea of transformation of social policy in the direction of overcoming the deep inequalities and build a more just society.

Interest groups theory holds a remarkable place in the subject of the political sociology. Evolving through multiple methodological disputes it finally became of the cores for study of the political process and decision making. Wherein, among some other political-sociological sub-disciplines, interest groups theory keeps progressing in the XXI century. This article is dedicated to analyses of different approaches for interest groups research and current state of the theory.

The article discusses the specifics and peculiarities of Moscow as a multifunctional object with the functions of the capital, a global city and agglomeration. Analyzed stages in the development of its new features and main social problems that modern Moscow faced.

The work is devoted to the social consequences of the problem of interaction between society and the environment within the Moscow metropolitan area. There are two major blocks of the problem: the socio-ecological and environmental demographic. We consider the model of Moscow agglomeration due to the expansion of the territory of Moscow, as well as with the modern trends of expansion in the Moscow metropolitan area and the region as a whole. Showing solutions environmental problems.

The current article examines the problem of the critical demographic tendencies in Russia. The author reveals the link between the urbanization and demographic trends in modern society, between the urban lifestyle of the majority population of the planet and the crisis tendencies of family change: marriage and birth rates decline, the spreading of fragmented family, popularity of alternative forms of marriage and others.

Integration processes in the context of globalization of society reveal new factors causing inequality in various spheres of social space. Since language is an inherent characteristic of ethnic, inequality concerning the language is regarded as social inequality. Status of society and the status of its language in specific socio-communicative domains are interrelated, ethnos fights for improving the status of its language, in turn, the language enhances the status of its ethnos. Role significance of language correlates with the amount of social-communicative domains served by the language. The paper considers the current situation of competition between international languages, occupying the highest step of the sociolinguistic hierarchy by volume of functions performed. Emphasis is placed on language struggle in the field of science, its convergent and divergent principles, as well as actors engaged in language policy in this sphere.

By French researcher Daniel Hervieu-Lèger - a valuable source of understanding of the processes that form the current religious situation in Europe and the world at large. The proposed typology of its believers in “Pilgrim and treatment. Religion in motion “though incomplete, but it is very useful for theoretical understanding of the role of religion in everyday life.

The article considers the basic thesis of Maurice Halbwachs’s theory of social classes outlined in the “Social classes and morphology” (1942): the concept of class is revealed as the object of collective representation, the main characteristics of classes, the criteria for its selection and conditions for classes formation are analyzed.

The article elucidates the problem of children’s exposure to domestic violence and the influence of television to its formation in modern Russia. The fundamental theoretical approaches analysed, which explain the essence and content of TV as mass media, basic mechanisms of TV influence, priming effect and agenda-settings, and the types of children’s exposure to domestic violence. There are the survey results in the article, characterized the level and the types of children’s exposure to the domestic violence, which are widespread in modern russian family. The role of TV and its content in modern parents’ life and the character of its influence on formation different types of children’s exposure to domestic violence are determined.

The article considers copying strategy as an alternative organizational development approach, widely spreaded. Showed features and methodology of implementation.

The article considers the problem of social inequality with the definition of its features that support or block the charitable activity. It is defined whether can influence the social inequality dynamics or not.

The article focuses attention on basic stages of transformation of a stratification of the modern Russian society. The author describes the development of Russian researches about the structure of Russian society during last twenty five years. Also in article the author takes an attempt to note the main trends of transformation of a stratification of the Russian society during the Post-Soviet period.