Presented article is the first of two articles, the aim of which is to familiarize the uninitiated reader with the possibilities of application of mathematical methods developed in the scientific direction of “Conceptual analysis and design of systems of organizational management (CAD SOM)”, designed to solve various problems, both technical and in humanities.

At the heart of this methodological approach is a process of conceptualization, which is understood as a theoretical study of qualitative aspects of a selected domain using mathematical forms (axiomatic) theory, the locking connection between the concepts of logical derivability characterizing this subject area. Designed axiomatic theory – conceptual scheme – is the basis for building database structures, decisionmaking processes, a variety of phenomena subject area, structure and genesis of domain analysis and other tasks.

Given the non-mathematical preparation of the reader, the contents of the methods illustrated by conceptualizing a conceptually simple subject areas – areas related relations, as well as the choice of one of the most simple goals conceptualization – structuring the domain and build a variety of its phenomena. For a better understanding of an article in a lightweight form describes and explains the stages of conceptualizing technology, the main difficulties of postulating and typical solutions.

The first article explains the issues positing (postulation) in constructing conceptual schemes. These include, in particular, the definition of the domain boundaries, the allocation of the basic concepts and the precise definition of the content. Considerable attention is paid to the impact of these decisions on the results of conceptualization. 

Article is devoted to the review of formation and decline of behavioralism paradigm in political science. The author begins the analysis with critical consideration of the scientific concepts preceding emergence of modernist empiricism within which there is a behavioral analysis. Further the researcher traces formation behaviorism in the social disciplines: formation model in psychology, release of the theory out of limits of pure psychology and transferring ideas in sociology and political science. The author analyzes inquiries to the scientific theory by behavioralism. He opens the principles of behavioralism as paradigm in political science. The author presents the conceptual and contextual factors promoting recession of popularity behavioralism in political science and submits methodological restrictions approach. The author states the main claims of critics to this research approach and explains the reasons decline this paradigm. At the same time the methodological reflection of behavioralism which has followed recession of his popularity is reflected in work. The author opens the principles of the new methodological direction – post-behavioralism and the position of modern representatives of the behavioral analysis.

At different stages of the history of various types of labor assigned to the members of the society forced or involuntary manner. Only in a market society, i.e., under capitalism, the process of securing the labor of employees assumes the character almost free occupational choice. On the professional preferences of the applicant affect not only his needs, desires, motivation and personal qualities, but also the situation on the labour market and economic situation of the family.

In the Russian sociology there are two phenomena – the occupational choice and occupational selection. The occupational choice – a spontaneous process of finding an individual workplace, the characteristics of which would correspond to the characteristics of the person (inclinations, temperament, social status, place of residence, etc.). Occupational selection – purposeful selection of a single candidate among several applicants for vacancies, which is carried out expert – an employee of the organization, on the basis of the list of requirements that characterize a given workplace. Sociologists often use the definition that is offered by psychologists. According to the latest point of view, the occupational selection – a purposeful process of selecting a single candidate from the group of applicants for the position of those persons who meet the requirements of the workplace in their personal qualities.

Occupational selection – the process by which a company or an organization chooses from among the candidates of one or more that best fit under the criteria of selection for the vacant position, taking into account the current environment conditions. The occupational choice, as opposed to professional self-determination (for E.I. Golovakha) – a decision that affects only the near-term student life. American sociologist and psychologist D. Super believes that during the life (career), a person is forced to make a lot of choices (he considered a career as an “alternating elections”).

Sociologist is always interesting to know how a person chooses a profession: walking in the footsteps of their parents, chose institute, where was the least competition or, on the contrary, he acted in a prestigious university. If unable to pass competition from the first contest, he have done in the same institute again. Or he decided flexible approach to solving the problem, not to break the spear of an impregnable wall and choose the same profession, but in a different school. Or, in general, after the failure he has decided not to risk and spread to another profession.

The occupational choice and professional orientations of young people became the subject of studies by Russian sociologists in the 1960s. Following Novosibirsk sociologists study the professional and educational orientations began Baltic sociologists headed by M.H. Titma (M.I. Talyunayte, K.A. Pyarna), Leningrad with V.V. Vodzinskoy and V.A. Yadov, sociologists from Sverdlovsk (M.N. Rutkevich, L.Ya. Rubina, F.R. Filippov), Ukrainian sociologists led by V.F. Chernovolenko (V.L. Ossovsky, V.I. Paniotto), as well asBelarussociologists (V.N. Tihonov, Ya.V. Leverovskaya),Armenia(Dzhilavyan),Tajikistan(Sh. Shoismatuloev),Uzbekistan(Z.H. Saidov),Turkmenistan(G.N. Dzhumaeva). In the 1990s and 2000s under the leadership of D.L. Konstantinovsky, V.N. Shubkin, F.E. Sheregi, V.G. Harcheva, I.M. Kozina conducted serious research professional orientations of Russian schoolchildren. The data found that the claims of the students in future career too high in comparison with the needs of society.

The author seeks to draw clear boundaries between the occupational choice as a psychological (intrinsic motivation) and sociological (external institutionalization) phenomenon. In the second case, the person’s decision is influenced by such social agents as significant others, and social factors such as family background, material prosperity, social environment. Important factors of the occupational choice are vacancies in the labor market, the financial situation of the family of origin, socio-economic status, the prestige of the profession, age, na tional traditions and racial characteristics. The article distinguishes between two close concepts – occupational choice and professional selection. 

Current article is dedicated to All-Rissian scientific conference “ Managing social change in the turbulent environment”.

Modern social unstable environment determine the search for new solutions in managing change. The crucial transformations and changes take place in the main subjects of social life – family organizations and the state. External and internal risks actualize the study of adaptation processes in the management of social change at every level of social policy. It is necessary to identify the impact of new technological, demographic and cultural factors on the established trends of social dynamics.

The main aim of the conference was an identification of new trends in the managing social processes on the base of cooperation between the state, nongovernmental organizations and people. The scientific conference was devoted to the analysis of social change in the conditions of uncertainty and ambiguity. The proposals for optimization of social dynamics will revise the experience of social practices in theRussian Federationand foreign countries. 

The paper is devoted to research of sociocultural integration as a tool for resolving regional conflicts. The modern theory of conflict resolution focuses on the ability of the sociocultural integration in the transformation of destructive identity-based conflicts into conflicts of interest. The author considers the systemic factors of the identity-based conflicts and emphasizes destabilizing role of the politicization of ethnicity. Ethnic mobilization, social inequalities, economic polarization and civic identity crisis are structural factors that determine the acuity of ethnic tension and escalation of regional identity conflicts as a result. Contradictions between the modernization system and social disintegration are the primary source of identity conflicts in theNorth Caucasus. Regionalization takes conflictogenic form in this case, i.e. the specifics of regional conflicts is associated with a conflict of static (traditionalization) and dynamic (modernization) types of social propagation. Structurally, escalation of violence in regional conflicts is determined by the intensity and scope of ethnic mobilization and social dissatisfaction as necessary conditions of a collision. Regional conflicts affect existentially meaningful collective values and group identities, that is why the participants are involved emotionally into identification conflicts; due to their emotional charge and irrationality, identity conflicts are no longer a means of overcoming social frustrations, but a destructive goal in itself, i.e. ethnicity polarization and negative cultural stereotypes in perceiving “the others” play a key role in initiating such conflicts. The following must be considered for discussing anti-conflict mechanisms of sociocultural integration in theNorth Caucasus. First, sociocultural integration is a political project with its content determined to a wide extent by defense challenges of the polyethnic Russian society. Second, development of the North Caucasian region after armed conflicts shows unacceptability and inability of orientation on isolationism of one or another ethno-social system within the Russian political space. Integration tasks of ensuring regional safety and overcoming ethnic contradictions in their most destructive form, which is the conflict of identities, are of systemic all-Russian nature. Sociocultural integration must serve as a conflict-preventive tool in this context, i.e. a pro-active action on the conflict environment by way of providing structural solutions for regional problems, transforming and rationalizing ethnic contradictions. 

The article focuses on the prospects of the development of civil society inTulaandTularegion.Tularegion belongs to the third type of Russian regions according to the classification of regions on the potential development of civil society. This demonstrates the presence of favorable conditions for the development of civil society institutions inTula. Actually today there is a tendency towards more active civic participation of the population in the region. There are several factors which contribute to this.

One of the foundations of civil society formation inTularegion is the activity of non-profit organizations. First of all youth non-profit organizations should be mentioned. They play an important role in the political socialization of young people and youth initiatives support. In this context, it is also necessary to note the role of educational institutions, which purpose is civic education of young people.

There is a significant increase in the number of volunteer organizations and groups. The younger generation actively takes part in their work. Volunteer organizations involve young people in professional and social activities, form their social and civic responsibility. Thus, volunteering is one of the most important indicator of the functioning of civil society. Over the past few years more than 30 volunteer organizations and groups as well as several centers promoting volunteers have appeared in the region. These measures are a significant step towards the institutionalization of volunteering inTularegion.

Civil society is impossible without a high level of legal awareness of the population. The activity of various human rights organizations that promote the legal culture of the region’s population contributes to the development of the civil society institutions.

Patriotic and charitable organizations as well as political parties play an important role in the life ofTularegion. Being the intermediaries between civil society and the authorities, political parties aggregate and represent the interests of citizens in state institutions. Moreover, as one of the institutions of socialization, political parties form the certain political thinking and behavior, the relevant skills and qualities of citizen participation in political life. Regional authorities also support civiс initiatives – in recent years they have launched a number of social services and Internet projects.

In general, the researchers have noted the high potential of civil society inTularegion. However, despite the marked positive trends, the level of civic culture of the population ofTularegion is not so high these days. It can be remedied by more information support of volunteer activities and the further development of civic education in the region. Due to proper measures we will be able to talk about the positive prospects of the development of civil society inTulaandTularegion in the near future. 

At the present time there is an increase of public demands on the legitimacy of authority. The most important one is the request to create transparent management and development of elements of direct democracy. The perspective mechanism used by government to meet the public inquiries is new information and communication technologies, in particular, crowdsourcing. This article deals with the phenomenon of political crowdsourcing. The authors try to show the general and substantive rules and contextual principles of buildings of political crowd-sourcing platforms. The first are focused on the involvement of citizens in crowd-sourcing projects, formation of their loyalty to a particular crowdsourcing site and preservation of amount of active working members of crowd platform. During consideration of the substantive rules two types of crowdsourcing platforms were allocated: open and professional. It is shown that for each type of sites have its own characteristics in the formulation of the problems and work with them. Contextual principles are intended for construction special mechanisms for making people’s loyalty to the crowdsourcing projects and involvement into their work, combined with the formation of emotional support and loyalty to the political actors. These results may be achieved through the creation of integrated network platforms in the field of political crowdsourcing and use them as an intellectual and human resources of political actors. As a result, political crawdsourcing platforms should be an important element of image of political actors.

The author emphasizes that the theoretical and methodological presuppositions of this study made a number of socio-economic factors, which he carried the formation of the social institution of education as one of the leading mechanisms of development and the most important conditions for the formation of an innovative society, and the fact that science is at the present stage of development society is transformed into a large and independent branch of the economy, acquiring the features of a direct productive force of society, becoming an essential tool not only spiritual, but also material reproduction of life. The article discusses the results of one of the parts of the Integrated Monitoring sociological research practical application problems of translation of scientific and research activity of the faculty and research staff of the university humanitarian and pedagogical profile in the education space. The study was completed in September 2015. The results of the analysis of scientific research (R&D), in which were allocated levels (spheres) of educational space in which the broadcast and/or could be broadcast results of specific research projects. The study was carried out a comparative analysis and summarizes the socio-professional composition of performing R&D actors. The author formulates a number of proposals aimed at improving the management of research activities of the university and modernization policies of university management science. It focuses on the possibilities of social science in matters of understanding the processes and interactions that are formed in the research field. The article suggests that the author’s technique and methods of research status and characteristics of the research activities at the university humanitarian and pedagogical profile may find their application in different high schools of specialization, provided that they adapt to the social and professional characteristics of the particular institution.

The article discusses the features of formation and development of organizational culture of the University as customer-centric technology. The phenomenon of organizational culture is an essential resource for improving the competitiveness of the University, innovative development, indicators of international and research activities of the University. Stream organizational culture external (students, parents, employers) and internal (students, faculty, University administration, staff/employees) customers of the University determines the integration of elements of organizational culture of University in business environment of enterprises, through the involvement of graduates in professional environment. Organizational culture plays a very active role in the governance of higher education institution. At the present level of development of the market of educational services with the introduction of the national project of modernization of the education system organizational culture becomes a significant part of the formation of the University as an economic entity. It is a powerful factor in increasing the attractiveness of higher education institutions for potential consumers of educational and other services, as well as his staff. Organizational culture affects each student during his adaptation and socialization, psychological growth and learning at the University. Organizational culture and, after graduation, is in a symbiotic relationship with the employee as the object of professional activity. Potential employee during the period of study at the University “consumes” the historically established values of the University, participates in the established and developing its traditions, abides by the norms and rules of behavior, adapts to the society through various kinds of symbolism of the University, etc. In turn, the organizational culture of the University, as a basis for the development and socialization of a young man, becoming an integral source of positioning of the student in the process of employment and professional activities. In the future professional activity of the specialist brings formed in the period of study in the University organizational culture in the workplace. Consumption of organizational culture of the students as customers of educational services necessitates consideration of the phenomenon of the position of customer focus. Customer-oriented approach is a system consisting of several major elements: customer-oriented philosophy of the organization, the product that meets the expectations of customers, internal processes, staff who are carriers of competences, customer service. Customer-oriented approach of the University has its own characteristics and limitations associated with the nature of educational services designed to meet the needs in education. Appropriate consideration of customer-oriented organizational culture of the University as a system of values, behavioral norms, traditions, rituals and symbols, focused on the internal or external client for the purpose of accounting and the implementation of its requirements and interests in the activities of educational institutions. The influence of customer-oriented organizational culture as an effective factor in the professionalization and labour market adaptation of University graduates. Analysis of the results of sociological research allowed to identify the main problems and prospects customer-oriented approach in the development of organizational culture of higher educational institutions. The results of the study highlighted the problem of continuity of norms and values formed within the organizational culture of the University, and the requirements of normative-value characteristics of graduates by employers. Differences in rating the importance of values and normative components of organizational culture of educational institutions and organizations can be seen as a barrier, hindering the process of employment and adaptation of graduates at the enterprises. This requires defining the requirements of the business community for higher education institutions in the development of the preferred set of cultural competencies necessary for the graduate to successfully realize their career aspirations in terms of a specific organization.

In sociology, literature, along with the study of the content of works of art and social characteristics of characters it is important to study the creative process. Here is an attempt to look at the poetry writing and its results through the prism of the behavioral approach on the basis of the poetry content analysis. Creation of the poem is considered as a behavioral creative process of self-actualization of creative potential, interactions of the system of requirements and social situations verbally expressed by means of language. During the framing actualized thoughts and feelings of the poet translated into poetic form. The main hypothesis is that the emotional dissonance express itself poetically. Semantic differential (SD) technique provides a clue to the text. Content analysis of poems (cycles, books) of separate poets through SD method could provide the understanding of similarities and differences of successive stages of the creating creative process of the same master, or explain the dissimilarity of poets compared to each other. The analysis of separate poems of Blok, Gumilev, Yesenin, Akhmatova ect. may demonstrate style features, the individual originality of each poets considered in terms of the dialectic opposition. The article discusses the possibilities of the SD method and the antonyms scales search in the author’s text in the study of the creative process, based on the characteristics of the poetry of classical Russian poet Alexander Blok.

The article analyzes the relationship between agents of the art field and works created by them. The relevance of this topic is conditioned both by the growing social interest in the art and economic characteristics of this interest (rising prices and volume of art sales on the world market). The theoretical basis of the study is the theory of symbolic production fields created by P. Bourdieu, as well as criticism of this theory from the standpoint of sociological “returning to things” approach. Attempting to complement the agent-based approach of the theory of art field with the artwork consideration, we reveal the role of objects in the success of an agent in a symbolic game. The basis of our research consists of the fragmentary historical retrospective of art development, sales at different levels of the art market data and information obtained during author’s empirical research of the Ukrainian market of art. We postulate that works of art are involved in constructing the fields along with the agents, but do not operate in an independent or comparable to agents way, but perform delegated functions. Basing on the materiality of the artwork (if not physical, then legal and social), we consider the spatial and social relations, which the product being created is included in. These are the inclusion in the exhibition space, the storage and its terms, the spatial distribution in micro- and macro context, the movement and the sale. It is shown how physical and social space are interconnected: the transfer in one is immanent to the transfer in other. Analyzing the works in their relationship with the agents of the field of art, we find a parallelism of the trajectories of agents and objects that they have created, or which they are related to. Thus, the body of the artist’s works is understood as a socially marked out-object entity, structured by evolution of the author’s artistic style and at the same time structuringhis claims to change the position in the field. Looking at the social and individual significance of time and space, we prove the ability to treat a single work as the agent’s stake, which is a replica of his habitués at any given time. Agent’s success from this perspective is analyzed as determined by the winning of one or more of these stakes at the moment when they are relevant to the objective conditions, the definition of the field core value. In turn, for mediating agents the purchasing and possession of artworks is an attempt to both guess and provide to works a certain measure of symbolic power sufficient to win. Having considered the mentioned connections, we come to the conclusion that artworks are really involved in the structuring of art the field by obtaining capital and positions for agents with which they are associated. Since the examination of the objects through the research optics of fields theory helps to clarify the mechanism of symbolic game (struggle), we conclude that this approach may be useful in studying other fields of symbolic production, as well as to provide the basis for art field empirical studies.

The article suggests the analysis of problem of counteraction to distribution of extremist materials. According to the author, a strictly legal interpretation of the Federal list of extremist materials ignores the problem of the nature of extremist materials and the question of the applicability of this concept. As a result extremist materials can be understood as phantom, determined by fight the power with its political opponents. Overcoming this negative interpretation is possible through the interpretation of extremist materials in the context of the practices of the prohibition of texts that took place in society at different historical stages. Qualitative difference of extremist materials from other forms of censorship sets a postmodern culture in which there is a transformation of the concept of the author of the text up until his disappearance. This is the epitome of cultures fan-fiction – free community of persons who in their literary works – fanfiction – develop, modify or refine some of the original idea, embodied in a book, film, computer game. The author offers the interpretation of extremist materials as of fanfics object, where the list of extremist materials sets the boundaries of the field of extremist ideas, acting as a marker of the space limitation of the creative generation of information in the world of mass culture.

This article analyzes the driving factors of socio-cultural dynamics of modernity, as one of which examines migration and its consequences. Recent wave of refugees’ giant stream from the Middle East, mainly Islamic religion, hit the quiet and secured Western Europe that was the object of their aspirations. The countries of Western Europe priority oriented on secular values are radically far from the familiar world of migrants, which exacerbates for the latter a problem of transitional period.Active participation in various forms of sports interaction and success achievement in this field is proposed and grounded in the article as the optimal way of effective inculturation of migrants in the European community. The attempt to use sport as an element of cultural innovation has been made repeatedly which shows its creative potential. Various tendencies, such as Taylorism, futurism (Russian and European), fascism, Soviet “anthroposociology”, functionalism and ideological movement of technocrats actively exploited symbols, images, features and ideas of sport. The field of sport acts as a space of opportunities for exercise, playback and development of behavior patterns as for specific individuals and for certain social groups with the subsequent carrying over to real life with a certain degree of success.